Fire point, flammability terms

Butylenes are not toxic. The effect of long-term exposure is not known, hence, they should be handled with care. Reference 96 Hsts air and water pollution factors and biological effects. They are volatile and asphyxiants. Care should be taken to avoid spills because they are extremely flammable. Physical handling requires adequate ventilation to prevent high concentrations of butylenes in the air. Explosive limits in air are 1.6 to 9.7% of butylenes. Their flash points range from —80 to —73° C. Their autoignition is around 324 to 465°C (Table 2). Water and carbon dioxide extinguishers can be used in case of fire. 

Combustible Eiquid A term used to classify certain liquids that will burn on the basis of flash points. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) defines a combustible liquid as having a flash point of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher. See also, Flammable Liquid. Class II liquids have flash points at or above 100°F, but below 140°F. Class III liquids are subdivided into two subclasses. 

In the present context, the term BLEVE is used for any sudden loss of containment of a liquid above its normal boiling point at the moment of its failure. It can be accompanied by vessel fragmentation and, if a flammable liquid is involved, fireball, flash fire, or vapor cloud explosion. The vapor cloud explosion and flash fire may arise if container failure is not due to fire impingement. The calculation of effects from these kinds of vapor cloud explosions is treated in Sections 4.3.3 and 5.2. 

As the temperature of a liquid increases, the partial pressure of the vapor above the liquid increases hence, the percentage vapor composition above the pool increases. Liquid boils when its partial vapor pressure reaches the external pressure and the percentage of vapor reaches 100%. Flash point is when the vapor pressure of a substance is such that the concentration of vapor in air above the substance corresponds to the lower flammable limit. For flammable liquids, the term flammable is typically used for liquids with a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C), and the term combustible is used for liquids with a flash point above 100°F (37.8°C) (NFPA, 1997), but this in no way reflects the intensity of an ensuing fire. 

Fire and explosion hazards are briefly summarized in terms of conditions of flammable or reactive hazard. Materials that are incompatible with the entr are listed here. Fire and explosion hazards are briefly summarized in terms of conditions of flammable or reactive hazard. Fire-fighting materials and methods are discussed where feasible. A material with a flash point of 100°F or less is considered dangerous if the flash point is from 100 to 200°F, the flammability is considered moderate if it is above 200°F, the flammability is considered low (the material is considered combustible). 

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