Vessel fragments

Spherical tanks fragmented into ten to twenty pieces, whereas cylindrical vessels fragmented into two pieces. Because cylinders at the storage site had been stored parallel to each other, their fragments were launched in specific directions (Figure 2.26). 

In the present context, the term BLEVE is used for any sudden loss of containment of a liquid above its normal boiling point at the moment of its failure. It can be accompanied by vessel fragmentation and, if a flammable liquid is involved, fireball, flash fire, or vapor cloud explosion. The vapor cloud explosion and flash fire may arise if container failure is not due to fire impingement. The calculation of effects from these kinds of vapor cloud explosions is treated in Sections 4.3.3 and 5.2. 

Rgure 6.32. Schematic view of vessel fragments flight after vessel bursts in three BLEVE tests (Schulz-Fbrberg et al. 1984). 

In this chapter, applications of the calculation methods used to predict the hazards of BLEVEs, as described in Chapter 6, are demonstrated in the solution of sample problems. Fire-induced BLEVEs are often accompanied by fireballs hence, problems include calculation of radiation effects. A BLEVE may also produce blast waves and propel vessel fragments for long distances. The problems include calculations for estimating these effects as well. Calculation methods for addressing each of these hazards will be demonstrated separately in the following order radiation, blast effects, and fragmentation effects. 

Ratio of vessel outside diameter to internal diameter Length of cylindrical vessel Fragment mass... 

What is the distance-dependent pressure if a vapour cloud explosion occurs Boundary conditions the energy required for vessel fragmentation and the flight of the fragments is not subtracted, the humidity of air is

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Example patterns containing micro vascular cells and isolated microvessel fragments could also be bioprinted into composite three-dimensional structures (11). Cells and vessel fragments remain vi-... 

In general, these types of failures result in risk to in-plant personnel. However, vessel fragments can be accelerated to significant distances. The Canvcy Study (Health Safety Executive, 1978) considered projectile damage effects on other process vessels. 

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