Financing mechanisms, public

Although this measure was first introduced in Germany in 1989, constraints on public drag spending and the creation of incentives for cheaper alternatives are not new to cost containment policies, especially in public health systems. Several forms of public financing of pharmaceuticals based on comparison (yardstick competition) have been used in some countries by public and private insurers. Public financing mechanisms that pursue a similar strategy to that of RP include the maximum allowable cost (MAC) applied by the... 

Sustainable financing for essential medicines must be viewed in the context of overall health care financing. Most low- and-middle income countries rely on a diverse set of health and medicines financing mechanisms which can contribute in the payment of medicines. Nevertheless there are still opportunities in many low and middle income countries for both better and more public funding on health and essential medicines. 

Access strategy and monitoring for essential drugs (in particular for priority health policies and newly developed drugs). Financing mechanisms and affordable essential drugs. National and local public sector drug supply systems and supply capacity. 

Sustainable financing can also be achieved by a combination of several viable financing mechanisms, including, in addition to the above, reallocation of public funds, better use of out-of-pocket spending, and international financing through grants, donations, and loans under appropriate circumstances. 

The discussion above demonstrates just how strongly a pattern of trade financing can influence the cash flow and business development of local firms. It follows that the design of the payment and credit systems used in public sector procurement can strongly affect the businesses from which the government purchases goods and services. The payment mechanisms in public procurement constitute implicit business financing mechanisms - or a drain on the business. 

The objective of this research was therefore to develop a master plan for the safe management of end-of-life mercury containing lamps for the entire country. It encompasses detailed analysis of the complete system of logistics (collection, transportation, and safe disposal of end-of-life CFLs/FTLs), financing models, institutional mechanisms, policy framework, and issue of public awareness. 

In order to analyse the balance in view of the threat of exclusion from public financing, the author devises a demand equation with a two-stage budget allocation. The first step is to choose a therapeutic group, and the second is to choose the differentiated products. The co-payment acts as the price. The main conclusion is that when the product is included in public financing the health service can receive a discount if the political decisions are price-sensitive and the fixed cost of market entry in the event of inclusion is lower than the fixed cost of exclusion. In his study of price-cap regulation, the author insists that the mechanism should be continued in the long term, and that therefore it is necessary to account for the entire lifetime of the product and consider a discount factor. All this takes as its point of departure Abbott s 1995 model. 

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board (0361-1981) http //www.trb.org/Finance/Public/TRRJoumalOnlinel.aspx (accessed Septanber 1, 2010). Transportation Research Board. Primary Resource. The official publication of TRB, the Record contains peer-reviewed technical papers presented at TRB conferences on all aspects and modes of transportation. Each record contains multiple papers focused on a single topic, such as pavement maintenance, highway capacity, rail-highway crossings, bridges, or soil mechanics. 

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