Financing health care

The total U.S. market grew from about 332 million in 1991 to 372 million in 1992 to 406 million in 1993. Uncertainties in health care financing and restmcturing in 1994 may have led to stabilization or a slight decline. 

Hellinger FJ (1993) The lifetime cost of treating a person with HIV, JAMA 270 474 78 Hellinger FJ (1998) Cost and financing of care for persons with HIV disease an overview. Health Care Financ Rev 19 1-14... 

Rice DP, Hodgson TA, Kopstein AN (1985) The economic costs ofUlness a replication and update. Health Care Financ Rev 7 61-80... 

AA = African-Americans, HCFA = Health Care Financing Administration (now CMS)... 

Health Care (1992) Health care financing review. Health Care Financing Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. 

Fig. 5 National prescription drug expenditures in the United States. (From Health Care Financing Administration.)...

Health Care Financing Administration website. National Health Care Expenditures, www.hcfa.gov. Sept. 2000. 

Culyer, A. (1998), The normative economics of health care finance and provision , Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 5, 34-58. 

Health Care Financing Administration, Office of the Actuary (2001). 

Department of Health and Hnman Services, Health Care Financing Administration (1992) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 Final Rule. Federal Register 57,7001-7288. 

We used the cumulative number of drugs with NMEs approved and launched in Taiwan to measure pharmaceutical innovations. The annual number of NMEs introduced into Taiwan between 1985 and 2002 followed cyclic patterns (Fig. 13.1). In 1985, 95 NMEs were introduced in this market. This number decreased to 52 and 49 in the next two years, but increased subsequently. In 1995 only 15 NMEs were introduced, possibly reflecting delays in approvals caused by the transition from the then-existing health care financing system to national health insurance in Taiwan in that year. ... 

Lichtenberg, Frank R. 2005b. The Impact of New Drug Launches on Longevity Evidence from Longitudinal Disease-level Data from 52 Countries, 1982-2001. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics 5(1) 47-73. 

Sustainable financing for essential medicines must be viewed in the context of overall health care financing. Most low- and-middle income countries rely on a diverse set of health and medicines financing mechanisms which can contribute in the payment of medicines. Nevertheless there are still opportunities in many low and middle income countries for both better and more public funding on health and essential medicines. 

Antos, Joseph R. Ensuring Access to Affordable Drug Coverage in Medicare. Health Care Financing Review 27, no. 2 (Winter 2005/2006) 103-112. 

Woodward, Albert, Joan Epstein, Joseph Gfroerer, Daniel Melnick, Richard Thoreson, and Douglas Wilson. 1997. "The Drug Abuse Treatment Gap Recent Estimates." Health Care Financing Review 18 5-17-Yeomans, John S. 1989. "Two Substrates for Medial Forebrain Bundle Self-Stimulation Myelinated Axons and Dopamine Axons." Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 13 91-98. 

Blecher, M. and S. Thomas. 2003. Health Care Financing. In South African Health Review, edited by C. Day and A. Ntuli, 269-290. Durban Health Systems. 

PBMs reduce administrative costs of managing drug benefits by using a highly automated environment. According to a study sponsored by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), over 99% of all claims are processed elecfronically at the pharmacy where the prescription is dispensed, at an average cost of 0.30 to 0.40 per claim. 

Medicare is a federal health care program, and its recipients include people over the age of 65, the disabled, and those with end-stage renal disease. Medicare is administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), formerly known as the Health Care Financing Administration. The Medicare program consists of two parts (parts A and B), but is funded by four different sources (1) general tax revenues, (2) beneficiaries premiums, (3) mandatory contributions from employers and employees, and (4) deducf-ibles and copayments paid by patients. ... 

Health Care Financing Administration. Medicare priorities. 10156 Baltimore, MD U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, pp. 22-29, 2000. 

The remaining are the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the Indian Health Service, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Health Care Financing Administration, the Administration for Children and Families, and the Administration on Aging. 

The National Association of Home Care estimates that more than 20,000 providers deliver home care services to approximately 8 million individuals each year. According to the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), the average number of home health visits a year per Medicaid beneficiary was 80, compared to 27 visits in 1989. Additionally, the number of home health agencies participating in Medicare has increased from almost 5000 in 1988 to over 10,000 in 1997. Care of patients in home settings is likely to expand as data further suggest reduced cost for such... 

Christianson, J.B. Institutional alternatives to the rural hospital. Health Care Financing Review 1990, 11 (3), 87-97. 

In the early 1970s, alcohol and drug treatment was not considered in the mainstream of psychiatry, clinical psycholog), and social w ork. By 1990, however, alcohol and drug treatment was a central concern. The change was due mostly to cocaine, AIDS, and adjustments in health care financing. 

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