Financial Services Act

The essence of the Bell-LaPadula model is given in Annex A. It models the interaction between a user and the computer resources, specifically information, that he (she) wishes to access and manipulate, with access governed by the rules of some national security policy. The formulation of the Chinese Wall Security Policy [Brewer 89] is similar to that of Bell and LaPadula the security rules are, however, very different, being formulated in accordance with the UK Financial Services Act. 

Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, Pnb. L. 106-102, title V, 115 Stat. 1445 (1999) Johnson Kwak, 15 Bankers, 133-34 Morris, Meltdown, 44 David C. John,... 

As of 2008, pharmacies and pharmacists need to use a National Provider Identifier (NPI). This number will be used by all covered providers and health plans in transactions related to administration and financial transactions under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Specifically, pharmacists will need to use their NPIs when billing PDPs for MTM services. The NPI is a numeric 10-digit unique identifier for providers (CMS, 2007b). It is available to any health care professional simply by completing an online form available at https //nppes. cms.hhs.gov/NPPES/Welcome.do. 

External fraud is an act committed by a third party that leads to data theft, data loss, and function disruption. People with technology skills can access (hack) the computer systems of pharmacies to steal or manipulate patient information for financial or nonfinancial reasons. For example, cell phone service provider T-Mobile experienced ongoing security problems that led to the publication of celebrity Paris Hiltons personal information and the telephone numbers of many Hollywood stars (Brian, 2005). One can only imagine the problems that could arise if patient data contained in a pharmacy s database were to be exposed, stolen, or manipulated. 

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