Filling period, batch reactor

The sequential batch reactor (SBR) consists of a vessel operated under batch conditions according to the time schedule reported in Fig. 3. The symbols Fill, React, Settle, Draw and Idle refer to the typical sequential phases of operation loading, reaction, biophase settling, discharging and the idle time. The reaction period may be split into two sub-phases an anaerobic phase and an aerobic phase. The aerobic sub-phase is devoted to convert products of the azo-dye anaerobic... 

Ridelhoover and Seagrave [57] studied the behaviour of these same reactions in a semi-batch reactor. Here, feed is pumped into the reactor while chemical reaction is occurring. After the reactor is filled, the reaction mixture is assumed to remain at constant volume for a period of time the reactor is then emptied to a specified level and the cycle of operation is repeated. In some respects, this can be regarded as providing mixing effects similcir to those obtained with a recycle reactor. Circumstances could be chosen so that the operational procedure could be characterised by two independent parameters the rate coefficients were specified separately. It was found that, with certain combinations of operational variables, it was possible to obtain yields of B higher than those expected from the ideal reactor types. It was necessary to use numerical procedures to solve the equations derived from material balances. 

Soil slurry-sequencing batch reactor (SS-SBR) is a technology for the biological treatment of organic contaminants in soil. The technology has been evaluated in full-scale field tests but is not commercially available. The SS-SBR system consists of a set of tanks operated on a fill-and-draw basis. Each tank is filled during a discrete period of time and operated as a batch reactor. According to the vendor, reaction times are on the order of days. 

ProCGdures. From a technological point of view heterophase polymerizations can be carried out either batchwise, semicontinuous (or semibatch), or continuous. In the batchwise case the reactor is filled with all ingredients before the polymerization is started and the reactor content is removed at the end of the polymerization. In a semibatch procedure, at the start of the poljunerization the reactor is filled only partially and a stream of either neat monomers or monomer emulsion with constant or deliberately changed composition is fed continuously until the reactor is filled. After a final post-feeding batch reaction period, the reactor is emptied. A continuous procedure means that all necessary ingredients are fed and final latex is removed continuously. In all three cases the poljunerization can be carried out in the absence or presence of preformed particles (so-called seed particles). Reactions in the absence of seed particles are frequently called ab initio polymerizations and require that particle nucleation takes place. Table 7 is an... 

Reactor 9 is used to methacrylate the acetoxysilane mixture. First, back-flow condenser 12 is switched on the agitator is switched on and the jacket of the apparatus is filled with vapour then the contents of reactor 9 are heated to 60°C. At this temperature glycolmethacrylate self-flows from batch box 10 at such speed that the temperature in the reactor does not exceed 65°C. After the glycolmethacrylate has been loaded, the contents of reactor 9 are agitated at 60-65°C for one more hour then condenser 12 is switched into the direct operation mode, vacuum is created (the residual pressure is 130-80 GPa), and acetic acid is distilled into receptacle 13 at 40-50 °C (in vapour) reactor 9 is periodically sampled to determine the acid number (a.n.). If the analysis is satisfactory (a.n. = 450-500 mg/g), reactor 9 is loaded with toluene from batch box 11. 

Daily Yield Say the downtime for filling and emptying a reactor is and no reaction occurs during these periods. The reaction time of a first-order reaction, for instance, is given by kt = -In (1 -x). The daily yield with n batches per day will be... 

Keeping in mind the times given in Table 4-1 for filling, and other operations, how many 10(W-gallon reactors operated in the batch mode would be necessary to meet the required production of 4 million pounds in a 30-day period Estimate the cost of the reactors in the system. [Note Present in the feed stream may be some trace impurities, which you may... 

There are two kinds of modified batch experiments that allow us to keep F constant The first possibility arises in cases where one of the monomers is liquid and the other is a gas, and polymerization takes place in pure liquid comonomer under constant pressure of the gaseous comonomer. The second possibility is to pass the mixture of both monomers (gases or liquids) into the reactor at a rate equal to the rate of copolymerization (25). Such experiments have setting periods, which can be avoided by the preparation of two monomer mixtures — one to fill the reactor (with the monomer ratio F) and the second for permanent feeding (with the monomer ratio /, i.e. with a ratio corresponding to the composition of the forming copolymer) (26). The other possibility of copolymer synthesis in stationary conditions is continuous copolymerization. 

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