Fiber abrasion

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Reports on long-term performance of man-made fibers are few. However, an analysis has been made of 20 nylon climbing ropes that had been used for up to 18 years, and it was found that significant deterioration had occurred. Note, however, that the deterioration was related to the amount and type of use and not to age. Loss in strength was a result primarily of fiber abrasion of the rope surface, and there was no evidence of significant light degradation (92). 

Similar results were reported by Berger-Preiss et al. [33], who analyzed permethrin in the indoor air of 80 private homes in Hannover (Germany). A maximum of 15.2 ng m was observed, but the concentration of permethrin in air was highly dependent on the concentration of suspended particles. Berger-Preiss et al. [33] concluded that the permethrin concentration in air was mainly influenced by the degree of carpet fiber abrasion, as their investigations were performed in rooms covered with woolen carpets impregnated with permethrin. 

According to Chalmers [1], the softener forms a film over the entire surface of the fabric, with the fatty chains pointing away from the surface. There is some evidence for the correlation between the soft touch and the reduction of friction, friction between fabric and skin and between the fibers themselves [20], For instance, Roder and colleagues report an excellent correlation between softening efficacy and the interfiber friction coefficient. The latter was assessed by fixing a piece of treated textile to a metal block and measuring the force applied to move the metal along a fixed piece of the same textile [31]. Once the fiber-fiber friction coefficient decreases, the fibers move more independently of one another [3,27], The overall result is a 20% decrease of fiber abrasion [13] and fabrics are perceived as more flexible [3], The friction coefficient, however, increases when the relative humidity rises above 90% [20],... 

The abrasion resistance of cellulose acetate is lower compared with that of other fibers. Abrasion resistance was measured by the wet-flex abrasion determined with the Stoll Abrasion Tester. Abrasion resistance of several fibers was rated in the following decreasing order nylon, polyester fiber, acrylic fiber, wool, cotton, viscose rayon, and acetate. It was suggested that the abrasion resistance of fabrics is related to the strength and the recovery properties of fibers. The fact that acetate is not a particularly strong fiber probably accounts in part for its inferior abrasion resistance. Heat-treated cellulose triacetate fabrics have both higher tensile strength and abrasion resistance than secondary acetate fabrics for the conditions of dry, wet, and hot wet (80°C) [53,63]. 

The actual fiber material is not destroyed, but an intensive wear caused by friction can lead to lasting damage or even the destruction of the textile surface. Fiber abrasion can lead to... 

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