FGFs

Ah = Antibody IL = interleukin TNF =tumornecrosis factor INF = interferon LAK =lymphocyte-activated killer CSF =colony stimulating factors and FGF = fibroblast growth factor. 

Basic FGF can also stimulate murine hemopoietic progenitors in vitro. It is synergistic with hemopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF, EPO, and Meg-CSF and has radioprotective activity in vivo, increasing the number of day-9 and day-12 CFU-S from lethaUy irradiated animals (195). Furthermore, b-FGF combiaed with GM-CSF protects against the killing of murine and human CFU-GM exposed to radiation in vitro (195). 

Another member of the FGF family, FGF-4, protects against radiation-iaduced ceU killing and enhanced the G2 arrest when overexpressed ia a human adrenal cortical carcinoma ceU line (196). This effect is again manifested as the appearance of a shoulder on the survival curve, although neither the control nor the transfected cells undergo radiation-iaduced apoptosis. No differences ia the yield or repair of either SSBs or DSBs have been observed. 

Denusomab (anti-RANKL mAb) Growth factors (e.g. GH, IGFs, FGFs)... 

FGF (22 members) FGFs require heparan sulfate to activate their receptors FGFR Four members expressed as a number of splice variants Proliferation of many cell types. Embryo patterning and organogenesis, bone development, angiogenesis... 

Extracellular factors that induce mitosis are termed mitogens. Some of these, such as epidermal growth factor (EOF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are now being characterized. 

FGF), and hydrocortisone to grow serum free (see Table 4) (Hutchings and Sato, 1978). Both of these cell types can grow serum free with appropriate supplements at the same rate as that obtained in serum-supplemented medium. Both cell types can also survive over extended culture periods in hormonally defined serum-free medium. 

Fe-TPAA Fe(III)-tris[N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-aminoethyl] amine Fe-TPEN Fe(II)-tetrakis-N,N,N, N -(2-pyridyl methyl-2-aminoethyl)amine FFA Free fatty acids FGF Fibroblast growth factor FID Flame ionization detector FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate FKBP FK506-binding protein FLAP 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein... 

Perollet C, Han ZC, Savona C, Caen JP, Bikfalvi A. Platelet factor 4 modulates fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) activity and inhibits FGF-2 dimerization. Blood 1998 91(9) 3289-3299. 

Harmer NJ (2007) The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) - FGF Receptor Complex Progress Towards the Physiological State. 272 83-116 Harry SR, see Carney CK (2007) 270 155-185... 

All RTKs contain between one and three tyrosines in the kinase activation loop, which is composed of subdomains VII and VIII of the protein kinase catalytic core. Phosphorylation of these tyrosines has been shown to be critical for stimulation of catalytic activity and biological function for a number of RTKs, including insulin receptor, FGF receptor, VEGF receptor, PDGF receptor, Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and TrkA (NGF receptor). A major exception is the EGF receptor, for which autophosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine in the activation loop does not seem to be involved in signaling. Substitution of tyrosine with phenylalanine has no effect on RTK activity or downstream signals. 

The mammalian FGF receptor family includes at least four different gene products, with additional diversity generated by alternative splicing. To date, 18 mammalian FGFs have been identified and have been shown to be involved in the control of a variety of biological responses... 

FIGURE 4.7 Structure of the dimeric complex between FGF2 and FGF receptor 1. The Ig-like domains 2 and 3 of the two FGF receptor 1 molecules are composed of parallel p sheets and they are shown in medium and light gray, respectively. The two FGF2 molecules are composed of a bundle of p sheets that are shown in dark gray. PDB id 1CVS. (Plotnikov, A. N. et al., Cell, 98, 641, 1999.)... 

FGF) receptor 1 FGF receptor 1 Inhibited Catalytic domain Indolinone in ATP binding site... 

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