Ferric chloride phosphate

Benzal chloride is hydrolyzed to benzaldehyde under both acid and alkaline conditions. Typical conditions include reaction with steam in the presence of ferric chloride or a zinc phosphate catalyst (22) and reaction at 100°C with water containing an organic amine (23). Cinnamic acid in low yield is formed by heating benzal chloride and potassium acetate with an amine as catalyst (24). 

A. Pentoses.—t-Ascorbic acid 2- and 3-phosphates, together with their phosphate esters, give a characteristic colour with ferric chloride and this colour reaction has been used in a study of the hydrolysis of L-ascorbic acid 3-phosphate (58). The acid-catalysed, pseudo-firsi-order hydrolysis proceeds with P—O bond fission, as does the bromine oxidation of its phenyl ester. Both of these observations can be rationalized if (58) is... 

Chemical precipitation is used in porcelain enameling to precipitate dissolved metals and phosphates. Chemical precipitation can be utilized to permit removal of metal ions such as iron, lead, tin, copper, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, mercury, manganese, cobalt, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, molybdenum, and trivalent chromium. Removal efficiency can approach 100% for the reduction of heavy metal ions. Porcelain enameling plants commonly use lime, caustic, and carbonate for chemical precipitation and pH adjustment. Coagulants used in the industry include alum, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polymers.10-12... 

By a corresponding reaction with phosphorus oxychloride2 in the presence of aluminium chloride and other catalysts such as ferric chloride, iodine, etc., trichloroethyl phosphate can be prepared in a stepwise fashion. This and related compounds possess the property of reducing the inflammability of organic materials and are recommended for special clothing. 

Chemical precipitation of the newly released phosphate in the phosphate stripper effluent (i.e., a P-rich, low-volume sidestream containing 40-80 mg/L P amounting to about 10-15% of the total wastewater flow) using lime, ferric chloride, or alum, and subsequently flotation of the P-rich precipitated chemical sludge for reuse as a fertilizer using a high-rate DAF clarifier (15 min DT). 

Brydon and Roberts- added hemolyzed blood to unhemolyzed plasma, analyzed the specimens for a variety of constituents and then compared the values with those in the unhemolyzed plasma (B28). The following procedures were considered unaffected by hemolysis (up to 1 g/100 ml hemoglobin) urea (diacetyl monoxime) carbon dioxide content (phe-nolphthalein complex) iron binding capacity cholesterol (ferric chloride) creatinine (alkaline picrate) uric acid (phosphotungstate reduction) alkaline phosphatase (4-nitrophenyl phosphate) 5 -nucleotidase (adenosine monophosphate-nickel) and tartrate-labile acid phosphatase (phenyl phosphate). In Table 2 are shown those assays where increases were observed. The hemolysis used in these studies was equivalent to that produced by the breakdown of about 15 X 10 erythrocytes. In the bromocresol green albumin method it has been reported that for every 100 mg of hemoglobin/100 ml serum, the apparent albumin concentration is increased by 100 mg/100 ml (D12). Hemolysis releases some amino acids, such as histidine, into the plasma (Alb). 

Precipitation of ferric hydroxide gel was also observed in the preparation of spindlelike hematite (a-Fe203) particles in a dilute ferric chloride solution in the presence of phosphate (9). In this case, however, the positive role of the gel was not definite since similar uniform hematite paricles were obtained as well in homogeneous systems in the presence of the same anions (9). Also, Hamada and Matijevic (10) prepared uniform particles of pseudocubic hematite by hydrolysis of ferric chloride in aqueous solutions of alcohol (10-50%) at I00°C for several days. In this reaction, it was observed that acicular crystals of (3-FeOOH precipitated first, and then they dissolved with formation of the pseudocubic particles of hematite. The intermediate P-FeOOH appears to work as a reservoir of the solute to maintain an ideal supersaturation for the nucleation and growth of the hematite. Since the (3-FeOOH as an intermediate and the pseudocubic shape tire not peculiar to the alcohol/water medium... 

Plates are first sprayed with the sulfosal icyl ic acid solution (thoroughly wetted but not dripping) and allowed to air dry. The ferric chloride solution 1s lightly sprayed onto the plates. Phosphate-containing compounds appear as white spots on a pink background. A second light spraying with ferric... 

Applicable to <20 mg 1, in natural and waste water. Ammonium phosphate must be added to mask interferences of residual ferric chloride. The effect of other interferents (reducing agents and thiosulfate) may be important. 

Sulphur alone has no action upon platinum,3 but metallic sulphides are liable to attack it. Phosphorus, phosphides, and phosphates under reducing conditions attack the metal, so that these and the aforesaid sulpirides should not be ignited in platinum crucibles in quantitative analysis. Ferric chloride solution is reduced to ferrous chloride when evaporated in a platinum dish, platinum passing into solution. 

The precipitates obtained with magnesia mixture (magnesium chloride in ammoniacal solution), or ferric chloride in an acid solution to which sodium acetate has been added, are often used as tests for phosphate (see p. 180), and in the latter case the phosphate is removed from solution as ferric phosphate. Another common test is the formation of yellow ammonium phosphomolybdate when, a nitric acid solution of ammonium molybdate is added to phosphate solution (see pp. 180, 181). 

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