Ferric chloride, naming

Salts may contain metals which can show variable valency. If the metal exhibits lower valency, the metallic part of the name ends in - ous , and if the metal shows higher valency, the name ends in - ic . Ferrous chloride (FeCl2) Ferric chloride (FeCl3)... 

The compound is named iron(III) chloride or ferric chloride. 

In a series of papers, Fromm and co-workers,12,64,188,189 beginning in 1893, showed that dithiobiurets could be oxidized with agents such as ferric chloride or halogens to salts of 3,5-diimino-l,2,4-dithiazolines (80) or 3-amino-5-imino-5/f-l,2,4-dithiazoles (81). These heterocycles were named thiurets by Fromm, and that term has persisted in the later... 

The last-named is also obtained when hydrogen fluoride is passed over red-hot iron, ferric oxide, or ferric chloride 4 or by heating the double salt, ferric ammonium fluoride, FeF3.3NH4F, in an inert gas. 

Anhydrous ferric chloride is very deliquescent, and the study of its solubility in water is interesting, there being four distinct curves corresponding to the appearance of four hydrated salts, namely, 2FeCl3.4H20... 

The hydrolysis of ferric chloride may be illustrated for lecture purposes by filling a tube to about three-fourths of its height with a 5 to 10 per cent, solution of gelatin rendered pink with faintly alkaline phenolphthalein. When the gelatin has solidified, a 10 per cent, solution of ferric chloride is added. As diffusion proceeds downwards, two layers become increasingly distinct—namely, the lower, colourless layer, due to the more rapid diffusion of the acid liberated by hydrolysis and the upper, opaque layer of brown ferric hydroxide.1... 

Ferric chloride decomposes sodium nitrite in aqueous solution with evolution of oxides of nitrogen. The reaction is believed1 to take place in two stages, namely —... 

Ammonium tetrachlorferrate, NH4FeCl4, or FeCL.NH4Cl, obtained by heating the two substances together, is interesting as possessing a definite boiling-point, namely 386° C.3 A salt of similar empirical composition has been obtained 4 by crystallisation from mixed solutions of ferric chloride and ammonium chloride in the form of olive-brown needles, which, however, are unstable. 

Addition of ferric chloride to certain liquors produced in the manufacture of Prussian blue in a French factory by the methylamine method (see p. 213) resulted in the precipitation of a violet compound.1 Several hundred grams of this were isolated by Muller, warmed with potassium carbonate and hydroxide successively, and the filtered solution allowed to crystallise. The product thus isolated crystallised in thin scales and rectangular prisms, and proved to be the potassium salt of an entirely new acid, namely hydrogen carbonyl ferrocyanide, H3Fe(CN)5.CO. Following up this discovery, Muller succeeded in preparing a series of well-defined salts. 

An important example has been studied by Roozboom it is furnished by the aqueous solutions of ferric chloride and of ammonium chloride. Although these two salts cannot be considered amorphous, their solutions, as had been previously shown by Lehmann, may furnish mixed crystals they may also give as precipitates definite compounds, namely, the hydrate Fe2ClQ 12H20 and the double salt (NHJj-FeClj-HjO. 

If the cyclic oxide LXXXV, on the other hand, be treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of ferric chloride or zinc chloride there is formed a heptaacetate (XCI). The same compound is obtained by acetylation of the cyclic oxide LXXXVI in the presence of ferric chloride or zinc chloride. Hydrolysis of this heptaacetate yielded XCII, an isomer of hydroxyisomytilitol. It is apparent that a Walden inversion has occurred here in the opening of both cyclic oxides XCII is therefore appropriately named hydroxym3rtilitol. 

Interestingly, anhydrous ferric chloride and anhydrous barium hydroxide have only very small solubilities in furfural, namely 0.55 % by weight and < 0.01 % by weight, respectively. 

Anotner organic ferric compotuid,namely the ferric acetyl acetonate (PemAcAo) has been found to be an effective initiator for the photodegradation of polyethylene (65) and poly(vinyl chloride)(66). These ferric compounds are easily oxidized and photolyz eT. The following mechanism for radical formation in polyethylene sample was proposed (67,68)1... 

As a catalyst for the ring condensation Lewis acids such as for instance zinc chloride, zinc bromide, boron trifluoride, ferric chloride, stannic chloride, titanium chloride or iodine are used, zinc chloride and zinc bromide having proved to be more particularly suitable. Water binding substances such as neutral substances as for instance magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate or molecular sieves may be used, the last-named having proved more particularly suitable. 

Ending formerly added to stems of element names to indicate a higher oxidation state, e.g. ferric chloride, cupric oxide, ceric sulfate. Such names are no longer acceptable. 

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