Separation liquid mixtures

Adsorption, a surface phenomenon, is the basis of many gas or liquid mixture separation and purification methods. It is also the basis of adsorption chromatographic methods used for the analysis of complex mixtures. The knowledge of adsorption mechaiusms is useful in choosing the suitable systems providing optimum separation. 

Nonideal liquid mixtures, separations process synthesis for, 22 301-329,... 

When the deviations from ideal behavior become large enough, the liquid mixture separates into two liquid phases. Cooling of this liquid mixture can result in the freezing of a solid, giving (liquid + liquid) and (solid 4-liquid)... 

Separating solid/liquid mixtures Separating liquid/liquid mixtures... 

Figure 9.19 Fraction of benzene in permeate as a function of feed mixture composition for pervaporation at the reflux temperature of a binary benzene/cyclohexane mixture. A 20-qm-thick crosslinked blend membrane of cellulose acetate and polystyrene phosphate) was used [54]. Reprinted with permission from I. Cabasso, Organic Liquid Mixtures Separation by Selective Polymer Membranes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 22, 313. Copyright 1983 American Chemical Society...

I. Cabasso, Organic Liquid Mixtures Separation by Selective Polymer Membranes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 22, 313 (1983). 

Barnicki, S.D., Fair, J.R. Separation System Synthesis A Knowledge Based Approach 1. Liquid Mixture Separations, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 431-439, 1990... 

Figure 12 shows examples of the potential applications of substituted polyacetylenes studied, especially poly(4a). Oxygen enrichment (26-28, 31-33) is applicable to combustion furnaces, car engines, and respiration-aiding apparatus. The transport of oxygen dissolved in water (33, 34) can be applied to contact lenses and artificial lungs. Liquid-mixture separation (30,... 

Cabasso I. Organic liquid mixtures separation by permselective polymer membranes. 1. Selection and characteristics of dense isotropic membranes employed in the pervaporation process. Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 1983 22 313-319. 

Okamoto K, Kita H, Kondo M, Miyake N, and Matsuo Y. Membrane for liquid mixture separation. US Patent 5,554,286. 1996. 

SEPARATION OF LIQUID MIXTURES. SEPARATION BY EXTRACTION. SALTING OUT... 

In the past, membrane material selection for gas separations (2 ) and liquid separations has often followed either an Edlsonlan or a common sense approach. For example, almost every polymer that can be formed Into a film has been characterized In terms of gas permeability (at least for a few common gases). In this volume, Chern et al. ( ) and Lloyd and Meluch W discuss membrane material selection In terms of physicochemical Interactions for gas mixture separations and liquid mixture separations, respectively. Hoehn (5 ) presents similar arguments for membrane material selection In general. In comparison to the wide variety of polymers investigated... 

Bamicki, S.D., J.R. Fair, 1990, Separation System Synthesis A knowledge based approach 1. Liquid Mixture Separations, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29,431-439 Bamicki, S.D., J.R. Fair, 1992, Separation System Synthesis A knowledge based approach 2. GasA apour mixtures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, 1679-1694 Bamicki S. D., J. J. Siirola, 1997, Separation system synthesis, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4 edition, vol. 21, 923-962 Crowl, D., J. F. Louvar, 1989, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, Prentice Hall,... 

At the present time, there is a great variety of separator designs (see Section 2.1). Nevertheless, they can be grouped into two basic dasses according to the physical principles of gas-liquid mixture separation gravitational and inertial separators. 

The quality of separation of gas-liquid mixture in separators depends on the velocity (flow rate) of gas, thermobaric conditions, physical and chemical properties of the phases, geometrical parameters and, most importantly, dispersiveness of the liquid phase (distribution of drops over sizes and the parameters of this distribution) that goes into the separator together with the gas flow from the delivery pipeline. The key parameter of this distribution is the average size of drops that are formed in the gas flow in the delivery pipeline. Therefore, it depends on the parameters of the pipeline and also on the parameters of the device of preliminary condensation (DPC), which, as a rule, is placed at some distance from the separator (see technological schemes in Chapter 1). Therefore, the efficiency of gas-liquid mixture separation is influenced not only by the parameters of the separator, but also by the particular details of the technological circuit before the separator. 

Chemical process industries Process water reuse Effluent water reuse Water/organic separation Organic liquid mixtures separation... 

In the batch shell still process, the still is panially filled with a set feed called a batch. The feed is then heated to the temperature required to produce a specific produa from the overhead vapors. This process is repeated each time for each produa until thcr batch reaches the maximum temperature for the range of products specified. The feed remaining in the still is then pumped out, and the still is allowed to cool. It is then refilled, and the whole process is repeated. Not only is this process time consuming, but the produa is not always of high quality. Exhibit 10-2 shows the batch shell still process, which was one of the earliest used for liquid mixture separation. 

In the chemistry laboratory, mixtures are separated by various methods. Solids are separated from liquids by filtration, which involves pouring a mixture through a filter paper set in a funnel. In chromatography, different components of a liquid mixture separate as they move at different rates up the surface of a piece of paper. 

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