Ferbam fungicide

Synonyms Aafertis Bercema Fertam 50 Carbamate Dimethylcarbamodithioc acid iron complex Dimethylcarbamodithioc acid iron(3+) salt Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid iron salt Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid iron(3+) salt ENT 14689 Ferbam 50 Ferbame Fer-bam, iron salt Ferbeck Ferberk Fermate Fermate ferbam fungicide Fermocide Ferra-dow Ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate Fuklasin Fuklasin ultra Hexaferb Hokmate Iron flowable Iron tris(dimethyldithiocarbamate) Karbam black Trifimgol Tris(dimethyl-carbamodithioato-S,y)iron Tris(dimethyldithiocarbamato)iron Vancide FE95. 

Rodenticides Sodium Fluoroacetate Strychnine Thallium Sulphate Warfarin Fungicides Ferbam 17000 0.05 SK 0.15 0.1 as Tl, SK 0.1 10... 

FEP resin See fluorinated ethylene propylene resin. lef e pe rez-on ferbam org chem C9H sFeN3S8 lron(lll) dlmethyldlthlocarbamate A fungicide for protecting fruits, vegetables, melons, and ornamental plants. for-bom ... 

About 100 fungicides me required for these various uses in the United States. The principal ones are sulfur, liine-sulfur (polysulfides of calcium) copper sulfate (or ils equivalent in the oxides, basic sulfates, oxychloride and other relatively insnluhle copper compounds) creosote products and zinc chloride, both used as wood preservatives and a wide variety of organic compounds. Among the latter are several dithiocarbamates. such as ferbam and zineb, and other thio compounds, like N-(trichloronielhyllhio>-phthalimide (folpel) cis-NfI Irtchloroniclhy] Jthio)-4-cyclohexane- 1.2-dicaiboxyimide (captan) and 8-hydroxyquinoline. 

Dithiocarbamate fungicides consist of metal salts of dimethylthiocarbamate and ethylenebis-dithiocarbamate anions, as shown in Figure 17.5. These fungicides are named in accordance with the metal ion present. For example, the manganese salt of dimethyldithiocarbamate is called maneb, and the zinc and sodium salts are zineb and nabam, respectively. The iron salt of ethylenebisdithio-carbamate is called ferbam, and the zinc salt of this ion is called ziram. These salts are chelates (Section 2.3) in which two S atoms from the ethylenebisdithiocarbamate anion are bonded to the same metal ion in a ring structure. 

The traditional copper fungicides are in fact inorganic copper coordination compounds The still most important group of organic protectant fungicides, the dithiocarbamates, are applied in the form of their metal-coordination compounds. Dimethyldithiocarbamate as the iron complex ferbam and the zinc complex ziram, ethylenebisthiocarbamate as the zinc complex zineb and the manganese complex maneb. 

Ziram Vapam Ferbam S Rl N-C- >rf3) Broad scope fungicides. 

Thiram, mancozeb, maneb, ferbam, ziram, and zineb are among the most popular and used fungicides. They are employed for every use known for fungicides. 

Penicillamine (D-(3,(3-dimethylcysteine) is an effective chelator of copper, mercury, zinc and lead which promotes the excretion of these metals in the urine. It is clinically used in patients with Wilson s disease, with rheumatoid arthritis and with heavy-metal intoxications. Ziram and ferbam are the zinc and the iron salts respectively of dimethyl-dithiocarbamic acid (Figure 20.44). They are widely used as selective fungicides in agriculture. Pyrithione (1 -hydroxy-2(l//)-pyridinethione), as its zinc salt is used in dermatology as antiseborrheic. 

Dithiocarbamate fungicides attained importance in plant protection after World War II (ziram and ferbam were the first foliage fungicides prepared on a large industrial scale), and even today, in the age of systemic fungicides, their use has not decreased (Tweedy, 1973). Despite much intensive research, however, only a few dithiocarbamate derivatives have found practical application. 

The sodium salt of dimethyidithiocarbamate is diram (29), and the ammonium salt is diram-A. Both salts are phytotoxic but can be used for seed treatment. Of this group, too, only the water-insoluble metal salts come under consideration as foliage fungicides. Of these, the iron salt of dimethyidithiocarbamate, ferbam (30), is the most important because it is more stable than the zinc salt, ziram (31). 

Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, or DMDC (5.57), is a potent fungicide much used in agriculture as the sodium ( NaDDC ), iron (Termate or ferbam), and zinc ( Zerlate or ziram) salts. Formula (77.75) shows the 1 1 copper complex. 

The first report of iron dithiocarbamate chemistry was in 1907, when Delepine (2) detailed the synthesis of the iron(III) tris(dithiocarbamate) complex [Fe(S2CN i-Bu2)3]. Later the dimethyldithiocarbamate complex [Fe(S2. CNMe2)3l (Ferbam) found widespread use as a fungicide (14). Iron(ll)... 

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