Feet per second

B.t.u. per pound per degree Joules per Idlogram per degree 4186.8 Cubic feet per second Gallons per minute 448.8... 

Fahrenheit Kelvin Cubic feet per second Milhon gallons per day 0.646.32... 

NOTE AU groups are dimensionless. To convert dynes per square centimeter to joules per square meter, miJtiply by 10" to convert poises to newton-seconds per square meter, multiply by 10" to convert feet per second to meters per second, multiply by 0.3048 to convert feet to meters, multiply by 0.3048 to convert pounds per minute-foot to kilograms per second-meter, multiply by 0.025 to convert pounds per cubic foot to kilograms per cubic meter, multiply by 16.019 to convert pounds per minute squared to kilograms per second squared, multiply by 1.26 X lO"" to convert British thermal units per hour to kilojoules per second, multiply by 2.63 X lO"" and to convert British thermal units per hour-square foot-degree Fahrenheit per foot to joules per square meter-second-kelvin per meter, multiply by 1.7307. 

FIG. 14-35 Transition from frotb to spray regime for boles of various diameters. Values on curves are liquid loadings, mV(b m weir length). To convert cubic meters per bour-meter to cubic feet per bour-foot, multiply by 10.764 to convert (meters per second) (Idlograms per cubic meterto (feet per second) (pounds per cubic foot) , multiply by 0.8197 and to convert millimeters to inches, multiply by 0.0394. [Loon, Finczewski, and Fell, Trans. Inst. Gbem. Eng., 5i, 374 (1,973).]... 

FIG. 14-41 plate efficiencies, ethanol-water. To convert (feet per second) (pounds per ciihic foot) " to (meters per second) (kilograms per ciihic meter) " , multiply hy 1.2199. (Kiischhaum, Destilher-Rektifiziertechnik, 4th ed., Sptinger-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelherg, 1969.)... 

FIG. 14-54 Pressure drop for Flexipac packing, sizes No, 1 and No.. 3, Air-water system at atmospheric pressure. Liquid rate in gallons per minute-square foot. To convert (feet per second) (younds per cubic foot) " to (meters per second) (kilograms per cubic meter) " , multiply by 1,2199 to convert gallons per minute-square foot to pounds per hour-square foot, multiply by 500 to convert inches of water per foot to millimeters of water per meter, multiply by 83,31 and to convert pounds per hour-square foot to kilograms per second-square meter, multiply by 0,001.356, Coutiesy Koch Engineering Co., Wichita, Kansas.)... 

FIG. 14-90 Entrainment droplet-size distribution. To convert meters per second to feet per second, multiply by 3.28, to convert meters to feet multiply by 3.28. 

FIG. 14-93 Velocity of rising biihhles, singly and in clouds. To convert feet per second to meters per second, multiply hy 0.305. [From Chem. Eng. Sci., 7, 48 (1957).]... 

FIG. 14-116 Experimental results showing effect of gas velocity and liquid load on entrainment from (a) vertical tube hanks with horizontal gas flow and (b) horizontal tnhe hanks with upflow. To convert meters per second to feet per second, multiply hy 3.281. (Calvert, Yung, and Leung, NTIS Publ PB-24S050. )... 

FIG. 14-118 Aerodynamic cut diameter for a single-sieve-plate scrubber as a function of bole size, bole-gas velocity, and froth density, F, g/cm. To convert meters per second to feet per second, multiply by 3.281 to convert grams per cubic centimeter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43. [Calveti, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 24, 929 (1974).]... 

FIG. 14-122 Incremental pressure drop in knitted mesh due to the presence of hqiiid a) with the mesh crimps in the same direction and (h) with crimps in the alternating direction, based on the data of York and Poppele [Chem. Eng. Prog., 50, 421 (1954)]. To convert centimeters per minute to feet per minute, multiply hy 0.0328 to convert centimeters per second to feet per second, multiply hy 0.0328. (From Calveti, Yung, and Leung, NTIS Puhl PB-24S050, 1975.)... 

NOTE To convert feet per second to meters per second, multiply by 0.3048. 

Research-Cottrell, Inc. To convert cubic feet per minute to cubic meters per second, multiply by 0.00047 to convert feet per second to meters per second, multiply by 0.3048 and to convert square feet to square meters, multiply by 0.0929. 

Hv = Velocity Head = V2/2g where V = the velocity of the fluid moving through the pipes measured in feet per second, and g = the acceleration of gravity (32.16 ft/sec). 

Hydraulic shock Visualize what happens at home when a faucet is open. A solid shaft of water is moving through the pipes from file point where it enters the house to the faucet. This could be 100 pounds of water moving at 10 feet per second, about seven miles per hour. 

The average or mean velocity is determined by the flow rate divided by the cross section area for flow in feet per second, v. The velocity in a pipe is related to the decrease in static head due to the velocity only bv ... 

For velocities below 15 feet per second, check valves and foot valves will in the chans. 

UlSC GbUohs per Minute harge Cubic Ft. per Second Veloc- Press, ity Drop Feet Lbs. per per Second Sq. In. Veloc- Press, ity Drop Feet Lbs. per per Second Sq. In. Veloc- ity Feet per Second Press. Drop Lbs. per Sq. In. Veloc- Press, ity Drop Feet Lbs. per per Second Sq. In. Veloc- ity Feet per Second Press. Drop Lbs. per Sq. In. Veloc- ity Feet per Second Press. Drop Lbs. per Sq. In. Veloc- ity Feet per Second Press. Drop Lbs. per Sq. In. Veloc- Press, ity Drop Feet Lbs. per per Second Sq. In. ... 

Dunning [40] recommends this formula (from Reference [43]) for 4 to 24-inch diameter lines with specific grarity of gas near 0.60, and actual mean velocities from 15 to 30 feet per second at temperature near 60°F. 

Figure 4-9. Terminal velocities of spherical particles of different densities settling in air and water at 70°F under the action of gravity. To convert feet per second to meters per second, multiply by 0.3048. (From Lapple, ef. a/.. Fluid and Particle Mechanics, University of Delaware, 1951, p. 292. By permission. Perry, J. H. Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. 1984, p. 5-67.

When a pump is taking its suction from a tank, it should be located as close to the tank as possible in order to reduce the effect of friction losses on the NPSH available. Yet the pump must be far enough away from the tank to ensure that correct piping practice can be followed. Using a larger diameter line to limit the linear velocity to a level appropriate to the particular liquid being pumped can usually reduce pipe friction. Many industries work with a maximum velocity of about 5 feet per second, but this is not always acceptable. 

While designers of fluid power equipment do what they can to minimize turbulence, it cannot be avoided. For example, in a 4-inch pipe at 68°F, flow becomes turbulent at velocities over approximately 6 inches per second (ips) or about 3 ips in a 6-inch pipe. These velocities are far below those commonly encountered in fluid power systems, where velocities of 5 feet per second (fps) and above are common. In laminar flow, losses due to friction increase directly with velocity. With turbulent flow, these losses increase much more rapidly. 

---