Feedback learning

A current example of such interaction is the finding that in Zen meditation (a highly developed discipline in Japan) there are physiological correlates of meditative experiences, such as decreased frequency of alpha-rhythm, which can also be produced by means of instrumentally aided feedback-learning techniques [23]. This finding may elucidate some of the processes peculiar to each discipline. 

Ji-Chang L, Chien-Hsing Y (1999) A heuristic error-feedback learning algorithm for fuzzy modeling. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet Part A Syst Humans 29(6) 686-691... 

Lessons Learned. It s very early in the game to make predictions about what changes may be needed as a result of the Manwood test. However, there are already some useful insights that the Task Force expects to factor into the PSM installation plan for the division. These include 1) We need to be very clear in introducing PSM to our employees, and take time to answer their questions. Orientation meetings should be at least 90 minutes, not the one hour we had scheduled. 2) Getting valid feedback takes some effort personnel need to know we mean it when we say we want constructive criticism. 3) Close collaboration between the Task Force and the facility manager is absolutely vital. 

What we have learned. Discussion of variances (positive and negative) from plans. Detailed report on PSM pilot test strengths, weaknesses, implications, how the PSM system has been refined based on experience. (Note be prepared to justify any increase in resource requirements or any significant slippage in timetable.) Include discussion of local feedback— mechanisms and content—and acknowledge the contribution and cooperation of facility management and staff. 

It is important to find out how well the new systems are meeting your customers needs. This data gathering should be carefully designed to provide a genuine opportunity to provide feedback in a constructive fashion. It is likely that your company conducts internal feedback surveys from time to time, you should contact those responsible for these and learn from their experiences. 

Project managers find many opportunities to provide feedback to those who have a hand in completing the project. Through feedback, individuals learn about the effect their behavior has on others and on the project s success. It serves to maintain good performance and correct poor performance. To be effective, however, feedback must be handled properly. This illustration shows the continuous loop that exists when there is good feedback ... 

We are now ready to introduce the backpropagation learning rule (also called the generalized delta rule) for multidayercd perceptrons, credited to Rumelhart and McClelland [rumel86a]. Figure 10.12 shows a schematic of the multi-layered per-ceptron s structure. Notice that the design shown, and the only kind we will consider in this chapter, is strictly feed-forward. That is to say, information always flows from the input layer to each hidden layer, in turn, and out into the output layer. There are no feedback loops anywhere in the system. 

Next steps toward experimental works will be particularly exciting the MCAO MAD bench at ESO, the MCAO+LGSs device at Gemini South, experiments at the MMT and at Mt Wilson, the polychromatic LGS demonstrator in France. Also we still have a lot to learn with the feedback from the devices running now or very shortly, at Lick, Keck and ESO. But the biggest challenge of the coming years wdl be to extrapolate this know how to the case of decametric or even hectometric optical telescopes. 

This concept of mentoring being an active development process driven by the mentee is well presented by Collins (1996), who argues that people in business (and especially entrepreneurs) should appoint a personal board of directors for guidance and feedback. The suggestion is that the board should be composed of people one deeply respects and from whom one would like to learn. Collins goes on to observe that ... 

Providing feedback, negative as well as positive, is another important technique that a mentor has to master. Feedback is highly important for learning to occur because it helps mentees to evaluate their current levels of performance and to imderstand what needs to be done to shift their performance to a higher level. 

An electronic version of Pharmacotherapy Principles Practice can be downloaded to a desktop or laptop computer using the access number that appears on the card inserted in the middle of this book. The Online Learning Center at www.ChisholmPharmacotherapy.com provides complete reference lists, self-assessment questions, a testing center that has the ability to grade and provide immediate feedback on the self-assessment questions as well as reporting capabilities, and other features designed to support learning. 

As mentioned, motivational interviewing is only one option for increasing motivation in clients. There are ways to motivate some clients through assessment and feedback about the assessment, as well as using previously mentioned cognitive and behavioral strategies. In addition, other therapies that have not been mentioned here have been developed to increase clients motivation, so you may wish to browse the research literature if you are interested in learning about other options. 

In Chap. 12 we will learn this new Chinese language (including several dialects Bode, Nyquist, and Nichols plots). In Chap. 13 we will u.se frequency-domain methods to design closedloop feedback control systems. Finally, in Chap. 14, we will briefly discuss some frequency-domain and other methods for experimentally identifying a process. 

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