Fatty alcohols , biomarker

The example of a total extract composition of a tropical soil from the Amazon, Brazil, shows mycose as the major compound, numerous other monosaccharides, lipid components such as fatty acids and fatty alcohols, and natural product biomarkers (Fig. 9a). The mycose and elevated levels of the other saccharides reflect the efficient fungal/microbial degradation of plant detritus in the tropics. This can be compared to the saccharides in the soil from an almond orchard in California, where glucose and mycose are the main sugars with lipids, sterols and triterpenoids (Fig. 9b, ). 

Likewise in the single study involving type 2 diabetes, Krachler et al. (2008) measured 15 0 and 17 0 in erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and investigated their relation to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 159 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 291 sex- and age-matched controls. Higher proportions of 15 0 and 17 0 were associated with a lower risk of diabetes. After adjustment for BMI, HbAlc, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity, the association between the milk fat biomarkers and diabetes remained (Krachler et al., 2008). 

Compound-specific A C values for 31 different lipid biomarker molecules are shown in Figure 8 for sedimentary horizons corresponding to pre-bomb (before ad 1950) and post-bomb (1950-1996) eras. These organic compounds represent phytoplank-tonic, zooplanktonic, bacterial, archaeal, terrestrial higher plant, and fossil carbon sources. The lipid classes include long-chain n-alkanes, alkanoic (fatty) acids, -alcohols, C30 mid-chain ketols and diols, sterols, hopanols, and C40 isoprenoid side chains of the ether-linked glycerols of the Archaea. 

In this study we look at the origin and alteration of OM and the heterogeneous composition of OM on the slope as a precursor to turbidites on the MAP. We do this by studying different biomarkers (n-alkanes, fatty acids, alcohols), their variation with depth (reflecting age), and their... 

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