Fatty acids energy yield from

Energy yield from fatty acid oxidation The energy yield from ihe P-oxidation pathway is high. For example, the oxidation of a molecule of palmitoyl CoA to C02 and H20 yields 131 AIRs (Figure 16.19). A comparison of the processes of synthesis and degradation of saturated fatty acids with an even number of car bon atoms is provided in Figure 16.20. 

Yields of 50% and reduced energy consumption have been achieved by a history of innovation. Such innovation has included the Tomlinson black liquor recovery boiler, the Kamyr continuous digester and associated diffusion washer, multiple-effect evaporators, and low-odor concentrators. Economic advantages also have been gained by the development of systems for recovering extractives such as tall oil, fatty acids, and resin from the pulping liquor for sale as naval stores. Future innovations may focus on the lime kiln and other related systems. 

Energy Yield from Fatty Acid Oxidation... 

As an example of the energy yield from p-oxidation, the balance sheet for ATP production when the sixteen-carbon-fatty acid palmitic acid is degraded by p-oxidation is summarized in Figure 23.8. Complete oxidation of palmitate results in production of 129 molecules of ATP, three and one half times more energy than results from the complete oxidation of an equivalent amount of glucose. 

D) The energy yield from fatty acid utilization is dramatically reduced. 

The Energy Yield from the Oxidation of Fatty Acids... 

What is the energy yield from the oxidation of fatty acids There is a net yield of 120 ATP molecules for each molecule of stearic acid (an 18-carbon compound) that is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The source of these ATP molecules is the production of NADH and LADHg in the P-oxidation pathway, as well as the NADH, LADHg, and GTP produced when the acetyl-GoA molecules are processed through the electron transport chain. 

It is important to be able to determine the energy yield in terms of the number of ATP molecules produced by the stepwise catabolism of glucose. Some of the relationships used in this determination wiU be used in the next chapter to calculate the energy yield from fatty acid catabolism. The three key substances to focus on are acetyl CoA,... 

To compare the energy yield from fatty acids with that from glucose, let s continue our discussion with stearic acid, a typical and abundant fatty acid. 

It is instructive to compare the energy yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids with that obtained from an equivalent amount of glncose becanse both are important constituents of the diet. In Section 13.8, we saw that the oxidation of a single glucose molecule produces 32 ATP molecules. The complete oxidation of three 6-carbon glucose molecules... 

The higher energy yield per carbon atom from fatty acid compared with carbohydrate reflects its higher level of reduction, which consequently allows more oxidation. Thus, fat is logically the preferred storage molecule to carbohydrate. This is... 

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