Fatty acids emcic

Most of the products Hsted in Tables 1—3 are based on manufacture from tall oil fatty acids. Dimer acids based on other feedstocks (eg, oleic acid) may have different properties. A European manufacturer recently announced availabiUty of a 44-carbon dimer acid, presumably made from an emcic acid feedstock (7). 

Elongation by two carbon atoms occurs commonly in fatty acid biosynthesis. It is a variant of de novo chain-lengthening and occurs with acetyl or malonyl CoA or ACP derivatives. The substrate is any preformed saturated or unsaturated acid. For example, erucic (22 1) in high-emcic acid rapeseed oil and nervonic acid (24 1) in seed oil are formed from oleic acid by two and three elongations, respectively ... 

The stigma of the emcic acid (C22 ln - 9) in rapeseed oil has lingered despite firm evidence that this fatty acid was more of a threat to rats than to humans. It is sufficient to say that the discovery of chain shortening of emcic acid to oleic acid by peroxisomes was one of the most fundamental breakthroughs in understanding fatty acid metabolism in the last few decades. Once in the oleic acid form, the emcic acid residue is as readily catabolized by mitochondria, as are palmitic and other fatty acids (4). The reduction of emcic acid in rapeseed oil resulted in a marked increase in octadecanoic acids, and their contribution in canola oil is around 95% of all fatty acids present (Table 2). 

At first, low emcic acid (less than 5%, meanwhile less than 2.5%) cultivars were developed. Later, one was also successful in breeding low glucosinolate varieties, finally yielding so-called double-zero cultivars now almost exclusively sown. In Canada, this rapeseed especially suited for edible purposes is referred to as canola [3]. As erucic acid has been primarily replaced by oleic acid, the fatty acid fraction of low-erucic acid rapeseed oil is composed of 52-66% oleic acid, 17-25% linoleic acid, and 8-11% Hnolenic acid. 

Impallomeni, G., Ballistreri, A., Camemolla, G.M. et al. (2011) Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxyaUtanoates) from Brassica carinata oil with high content of emcic acid and from very long chain fatty acids. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 48(1), 137-145. 

Hanis, T. Smrz, M. Khr, P. Macek, K. Klima, J. Base, J. Deyl, Z. Determination of fatty acids as phenacyl esters in rat adipose tissue and blood vessel walls by high-performance hquid chromatography, J.Chromatogr., 1988, 452, 443-457. [derivatization LOD 0.8-1.2 ng column temp 40 caproic acid caprylic acid capric acid lamic add myristic acid myristoleic acid pentadecanoic add palmitic acid palmitoleic acid heptadecanoic acid stearic acid oleic acid elaidic acid linoleic acid Unoelaidic acid eicosenoic acid eicosadienoic acid eicosatrienoic acid arachidonic acid emcic acid docosahex-aenoic acid]... 

Hoffman, N.E. Liao, J.C. High pressure liquid chromatography of p-methoxyanilides of fatty acids, Anal.Chem., 1976, 48, 1104-1106. [gradient stearic acid psJmitoleic acid oleic acid linoleic acid linolenic acid arachidonic acid emcic acid docoshexaenoic acid nervonic acid tetradecanoic acid pentadecanoic acid hexadecanoic add octadecsmoic acid eicosanoic acid docosanoic acid tetracosanoic acid palmitic acid myristic acid]... 

With this technology, such difficult f. as the separation of ->emcic acid from similar fatty acids is possible. 

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