Fatty acids cyclohexane

Hydrogenation benzene, adipic acid dinitrile, nitroaromatics, glucose, ammonium nitrate, unsaturated fatty acids cyclohexane, hexamethylene diamine, amines, sorbitol, hydroxyl amines... 

The term naphthenic acid, as commonly used in the petroleum industry, refers collectively to all of the carboxyUc acids present in cmde oil. Naphthenic acids [1338-24-5] are classified as monobasic carboxyUc acids of the general formula RCOOH, where R represents the naphthene moiety consisting of cyclopentane and cyclohexane derivatives. Naphthenic acids are composed predorninandy of aLkyl-substituted cycloaUphatic carboxyUc acids, with smaller amounts of acycHc aUphatic (paraffinic or fatty) acids. Aromatic, olefinic, hydroxy, and dibasic acids are considered to be minor components. Commercial naphthenic acids also contain varying amounts of unsaponifiable hydrocarbons, phenoHc compounds, sulfur compounds, and water. The complex mixture of acids is derived from straight-mn distillates of petroleum, mosdy from kerosene and diesel fractions (see Petroleum). 

Sample preparation was carried out with various solvents, depending on the solubility of the sample sometimes gentle warming was necessary. Whereas mostly tetrahydrofuran (THF) in addition to methanol, ethanol and water were used for polar substances, cyclohexane and toluene proved suitable for nonpolar waxes and free fatty acids. 

Durand, R. (1948) Investigations on hydrotropy. The solubility of benzene, hexane and cyclohexane in aqueous solutions of fatty acid salts. Compt. Rend. 226, 409 -10. 

Methyl esters of fatty acid from methyl esters of resin acid Silicalite-1 Cyclohexane [183]... 

The composition of essential oil extracted using SC-C02 has been compared with that of steam-distilled oil by GC-MS (Gopalan et al., 2000b). Out of the 21 components identified, ar-turmerone and turmerone constituted about 60% of the total oil. Analysis of the cyclohexane extract of turmeric by GC-MS coupled with Pseudo Sadtler retention indices reveals a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, along with sesquiterpenes. The fatty acids reported are tetradecanoic... 

Fig. 14.20 Raman spectra of soybean (a), and castor oil (b) fatty acids and CoFe204/SO (c), Fc304/C0 (d), and Fe304/S0 magnetic fluids in cyclohexane, cyclohexane peaks (Reprinted with permission from Ref [44]. Copyright American Chemical Society (2009))...

De Rosa M., Gambacorta A., Minale L., and Bu Lock J. D. (1971) Cyclohexane fatty acids from a thermophilic bacterium. Chem. Conanun. 1334. 

Acetyl azide has been prepared only in solution ". Propionyl azide is a colourless liquid of pungent odour, the inhalation of which causes severe headaches. Higher fatty acid azides have been obtained by distillation at 0° and 0-5 mm Hg and their infrared spectra measured neat (Table 1). rv-Hexanoyl azxde shows i.r. bands at 2130 and 1720 cm in cyclohexane solution. A number of more complex alkanoyl azides have also been prepared in solution while the azide of tetra-acetyl-D-arabonic acid was isolated crystalline (m.p. 105-6° dec.) ". An example of a more exotic acyl azide is 2,3-diphenyl-cycloprop-2-ene-1-carbonyl azide . The diazide of oxalic acid was isolated crystalline (from CCI4) but exploded when touched with a spatula . Succinamoyl azidea crystalline substance with a decomposition point of 70-80°, undergoes slow Curtius rearrangement already at room temperature, just as the azides of monocarboxylic acids do. 

In the presence of dioxygen, the carbon radical R- produced by reactions (201) and (202) ar transformed into alkylperoxy radicals ROO, reacts with Co or Mn species to regenerate th Co " or Mn " oxidants, and produce primary oxygenated products (alcohol, carbonyl compounds which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acids. This constitutes the basis of several Industrie processes such as the manganese-catalyzed oxidation of n-alkenes to fatty acids, and the cobal catalyzed oxidation of butane (or naphtha) to acetic acid, cyclohexane to cyclohexanol-on mixture, and methyl aromatic compounds (toluene, xylene) to the corresponding aromatic monc or di-carboxylic acids. ... 

In case of the direct reaction of the natural oil or lower alkyl ester of natural fatty acid and the amine the reaction method for producing the amide derivatives is as follows That is, about 1 mol of the said oils and 1 to 100 equivalent mols of the said amines are mixed in the absence or presence of solvents such alcohols as methanol, ethanol or the like, such aromatic hydrocarbons as benzene, toluene, xylene or the like, such halogenoalkanes as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or the like, and such alkenes or alkanes as petroleum ether, benzene, gasoline, ligroin or cyclohexane, such ethers as tetrahyrofuran, dioxane and the like, or a mixture thereof, and the mixture is subjected to the reaction in the absence or presence of catalyst amount or equimolar amount to the amine of an auxiliary agent of condensation, such as alkoholate of alkali metal, i.e. lithium, methylate, lithium ethylate, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium-t-butylate and the like, or acidic auxiliary agents, i.e. p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like, thereby to yield the amide derivatives. In this reaction, a formal alcohol may be removed from the reaction system. 

Virtually all organic chemicals are made wholly or in part from petroleum and natural gas. Methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, butylenes, cyclohexane, and other nonaromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives are made entirely from petroleum and natural gas. Toluene, xylenes, cresylic acids, ammonia, cyclopentadiene, and their derivatives are made principally, although not entirely, from petroleum and natural gas. Benzene, acetylene, hydrogen cyanide, sulfur, and their derivatives are made in part from petroleum and natural gas, although other sources are more important. As a matter of fact, there are very few organic chemicals which are not made wholly or in part from petroleum or natural gas. A few examples of chemicals not made from petroleum or natural gas are naphthols, regenerated cellulose, fatty acids, toxaphene, furfural, glutamic acid, and sorbitol. 

The solubility of the catalyst salt is improved by the use of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylborate or triflate anions. Unsaturated fatty acids can be reduced in the same way.173 Hydrogenations in sc carbon dioxide can be more selective than in the gas phase while using 35 times less catalyst.174 Cyclohexene was reduced with hydrogen and a polysilox-ane-supported palladium catalyst in in a continuous-flow reactor in 95-98% yields. Epoxides, oximes, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, and nitro compounds can also be reduced. By varying the temperature, the products from the reduction of nitrobenzene can be selected from aniline, cyclo-hexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, and cyclohexane. In the... 

Highly nonpolar compounds such as fatty acids, glycerides, alkanes, and some lower terpenoids require simple nonpolar solvent systems (e.g., cyclohexane, hexane, pentane, diethyl ether.hexane mixtures) and may be difficult to detect by UV (i.e., no chromophore) or by spray detection (use charring reagents, e.g., vanillin-sulfuric acid). 

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