Fatty acids reactions

As mentioned earlier, when NO concentration exceeds that of superoxide, nitric oxide mostly exhibits an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals. These reactions are now well studied [42-44]. The simplest suggestion could be the participation of NO in termination reaction with peroxyl radicals. However, it was found that NO reacts with at least two radicals during inhibition of lipid peroxidation [50]. On these grounds it was proposed that LOONO, a product of the NO recombination with peroxyl radical LOO is rapidly decomposed to LO and N02 and the second NO reacts with LO to form nitroso ester of fatty acid (Reaction (7), Figure 25.1). Alkoxyl radical LO may be transformed into a nitro epoxy compound after rearrangement (Reaction (8)). In addition, LOONO may be hydrolyzed to form fatty acid hydroperoxide (Reaction (6)). Various nitrated lipids can also be formed in the reactions of peroxynitrite and other NO metabolites. 

Lanthanides react with fatty acids such as lauric, palmitic and stearic acids to give compounds of the formula Ln(COOR)3. Lanthanide alkoxides react with fatty acids to yield mixed ligand soaps, [Ln(OR)A ], where A is a fatty acid. Reaction of [Ln(OR)A ] with acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide yield lanthanide chloride- or bromide-mixed soaps. The spectral characteristics of the alkoxide-mixed soaps, chloride-mixed soaps, bromide-mixed soaps and quaternary-mixed soaps of Pr(III) and Nd(III) were studied and the spectral parameters were evaluated by regression analysis. The intensification of the bands and the nephelauxetic effect were in the order quaternary soaps > alkoxide soaps > chloride-bromide-mixed soaps. The above order is in agreement with the calculated covalency due to the lowering of coulombic interaction parameters as well as the lower melting points of the mixed soaps. 

Analogous electron transfers involving the carboxylic acid group of fatty acids (Reaction 4) or lipid oxidation products such as aldehydes (Reaction 5) (35) can also occur to form radicals that are potential initiators. Reaction 4 with free carboxylic acids has been demonstrated with cobalt and short-chain organic acids (29, 36, 37), so the potential exists for its occurrence with fatty acids. The aldehyde... 

Fatty Acid Reaction Rate With Oxygen... 

FIGURE 4.71 Short-chain fatty acid reactions catalyzed by thiokinase. 

By the transesterification of an unsaturated triglyceride (for example soybean oil) with glycerol, a mixture of monoglycerides (majority), diglycerides and triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids (reaction 17.12) is obtained [50]. 

The resulting unsaturated diols (practically monoglycerides of fatty acids, reaction 17.12) react with diisocyanates (for example with toluene diisocyanate) at around 80-90 °C, usually in a solvent such as toluene, xylene or naphtha. Unsaturated PU are obtained, which are crosslinked by a radical mechanism with the transformation of the multiple double bond in a crosslinked network (Figure 17.9). This reaction is used for the fabrication of urethane alkyd coatings. Other polyols may be used instead of glycerol ethylene glycol, neopentylglycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and others. 

Fig. 8. Pathways involved in the conversion of glucose to fatty acid. Reaction (1) is catalyzed by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. Reaction (2) is catalyzed by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. (T) designates tricarboxylate anion transporter. Reactions catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the pentose phosphate pathway produce NADPH. CS, citrate synthase ACL, ATP citrate lyase PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase FAS, fatty acid synthase.

Diethylenetriamine, tall oil fatty acids reaction product... 

Tall oil fatty acids, reaction product with diethylene-triamine. Diethylenetriamine, tall oil fatty acids reaction product EINECS 263-160-2 Fatty acids, tail-oil, reaction products with diethylenetriamine Tall oil fatty acids, reaction product with diethylenetriamine. 

Fig. 3. Chemoenzymatic self- epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids reaction principle.

Oils are more frequently used in oleoresinous paints and varnishes. In these, the oil is either mixed with, or heat-bodied in the presence of, some other resin. The resin may react with the oil to give larger molecules containing fatty acid. Reaction occurs with rosin and its derivatives, phenolic resins and petroleum resins. Other resins, such as terpene resins and coumarone-indene resins, do not react with the oil, but heat helps to dissolve the resin and causes the oil to body. The oils used are those found suitable for oil paints. 

Fatty acids, tall oil compds. with diethylene triamine taii oii fatty acid reaction prods.. See Oleic aminoethyiimidazoline Fatty acids, taii oii, compds. with... 

Baker, L. M., P. R. Baker, F. Golin-BiseUo et al. 2007. Nitro-fatty acid reaction with glutathione and cysteine. Kinetic analysis of thiol alkylation by a Michael addition reaction. J Biol Ghent 282 (42) 31085-93. 

Fig. 10.6a. and 10.6b. DPPH fatty acid reactions in different PC(14 0 14fl) testing systems. ESR signals were recorded with 10 mW incident microwave and 100 kHz field modulation of 2Gat 37°C.The initial concentration of DPPH radical reactions was 0.25 mM and 5 mol% PC containing CLA and LA.The reaction mixtures were incubated at 60°C for 60 min and ESR experiments were performed at 37°C. 

Yean et al. reported the use of different diorgano (n-butyl, n-octyl) tin dialkoxides (n-butoxide, n-pentoxide, n-hexoxide, n-heptoxide, n-octox-ide, n-decoxide, phenoxide, substituted phenoxide) for transesterification of palm oil fatty acids (reaction 7.13) which could be attractive in production of biodiesel (fatty acid esters) [62]. 

The d-block or transition metal alkoxides make the third category. Titanium alkoxides (methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide and isobutoxide) have been able to catalyze transesterification reaction of fatty acids (reaction 7.13) [64]. The results of Nawaratna et aV.s researches showed that the catalytic behavior of titanium alkoxides in transesterification of fatty acids depended on their steric effects meaningfully and lower steric hindrance increased the yield and selectivity of the produced ester [64]. 

The actinides and lanthanides or f-block metal alkoxides are the last group. According to the report of Nawaratna and co-workers, yttrium isopro-poxide has been catalyzed transesterification reaction of fatty acids (reaction 7.13) [78]. Hatano et al. have used this strategy in the presence of lanthanum alkoxides for transestrification of carboxylic esters and preparation of new esters [79]. 

Chouinard, P.Y., Levesque, J., Girard, V., and Brisson, G.J. (1997) Dietary Soybeans Extruded at Different Temperatures Milk Composition and In Situ Fatty Acid Reactions, /. Dairy Sci. 80, 2913-2924. 

Fatty Acid Activation. The activation of fatty acids [reaction (1)] is catalyzed by enzymes that are specific for various chain lengths. The first of these, the acetate-activating enzyme, acetic thiokinase, has... 

Fatty acids, soya, esters wtth propylene glycol. See Propylene glycol soyate Fa% acids, tall oil. See Tall oil acid Fa% acids, tall oil, ammonium saHs. See Ammonium tallate Fa% acids, tall oil, butyl esters, sulfated. See Sulfated butyl tallate Fa% acids, tall oil compds. wtth diethylene triamine tall oil fatty acid reaction prods.. See Oleic aminoethylimidazoline Fa% acids, tall oil, compds. wtth triethanolamine. See TEA-tallate Fa% acids, tail-oil, esters with ethoxylated sorbitol CAS 68953-01-5... 

Synonyms Fatty acids, tall oil compds, with diethylene triamine tall oil fatty acid reaction prods. 

S. are made by SO3 ->sulfonation of the methyl esters of preferably Cis-ig fatty acids. Reaction takes place in two steps, a rather rapid formation of a mixed anhydride, followed by a slower rearrangement. The sulfonation mixture is rather dark and must be bleached with H2O2 at 60-80 °C, and it is finally neutralized. By-product is the disodium salt of the a-sulfo fatty acid. 

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