Fatty acids absorption

Wilson, F.A., Y.L. Sallee, and J.M. Dietschy. 1971. Unstirred water layers in intestine Rate determination of fatty acid absorption from micellar solutions. Science 174 1031. 

The bile salts form the edge of the micelle and also appear, in fewer numbers, dispersed throughout the inside of the micelle. The lipids exist in a bilayer on the inside of the disc. Bile acids are important for fatty acid absorption. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) absolutely require bile acids for absorption. 

The position of fatty acids in the triacylglycerol (TAG) structure not only significantly influences fatty acid absorption, but could provide important markers for establishing the authenticity of different oils. Lawson and Hughes (1988) determined the TAG stereospecific structure of a number of GLA rich oils,... 

Clark, M.L. Lanz, H.C. Senior, J.R. Bile salt regulation of fatty acid absorption and esterification in rat everted jejunal sacs in vitro and into thoracic duct lymph in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 1969, 48, 1587-1599. 

Murota K, Kawada T, Matsui N, et al. Oleyl alcohol inhibits intestinal long-chain fatty acid absorption in rats. ] Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2000 46 302-308. 

Hansen, J.B., Grimsgaard, S., Nilsen, H., Nordoy, A. and Bonaa, K.H. (1998) Effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on fatty acid absorption, incorporation into serum phospholipids and postprandial triglyceridemia. Lipids. 33 131-138. 

LAP also appears to play several critical functions. LAP plays an important role in fatty acid absorption. LAP is able to dephosphor-ylate the phosphorylated fatty acid translocase FAT/CD36, which is thought to play a role in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into cells. In addition, Uke TNAP, LAP is able to dephos-phorylate LPS. The locahzation of the active site of LAP into the gut lumen allows LAP to protect gut barrier function and determine the composition of the gut microbiota. These functions of LAP, Uke those of TNAP, may have very important therapeutic appUcations. 

In H. diminuta, two distinct carrier-mediated transport systems for fatty acid absorption have been partially characterized, one specific for short-chain fatty acids and the other for longer chain molecules. Acetate absorption in H. diminuta is mediated by the short-chain carrier at low concentrations, but passive diffusion occurs at high concentrations (15). 

Clinical studies in term (Camielli et al. 1996, Kennedy et al. 1999, Lopez-Lopez et al. 2001) and preterm infants (Camielli et al. 1995, Lucas et al. 1997) have demonstrated the correlation between the level of palmitic in the sn2 position on fatty acids and calcium absorption. The reduction in calcium and fatty acid absorption is accompanied by increased calcium soaps and, consequently, hard stools (Quinlan et al. 1995). Infants receiving the high sn2 formula had softer stools and fewer formed and hard stools than did control regular vegetable oil formula group (Sidnell and Greenstreet 2011, Kennedy et al. 1999, Litmanovitz et al. 2014, and Yao et al. 2014). 

The free fatty acid absorption enhancing effect of DIMEB was investigated in rats suf-308... 

Intestinal processes studied with C02 breath tests are carbohydrate (lactose and starch) digestion (lactase and a-amylase activity), lipid digestion (lipase activity), protein digestion (trypsin activity), sugar absorption, fatty acid absorption, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, oro-cecal transit time. The substrates used are indicated in Table 6. 

McNeil et al measured short-chain fatty acid absorption from the human intestine. Using obese, but otherwise healthy subjects, and the dialysis bag technique of Edmonds, absorption from the rectum and subsequently from other areas of the colon was measured. Table 4 shows the initial and final concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in a mixed electrolyte solution after one hour s dialysis in the human colon. It is clear that these acids are rapidly absorbed from the dialysate. In fact it would be surprising if... 

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