Fair trade objectives

This has always been an objective of fair trade, but the temptation to enhance profitability too frequently intervenes and it is necessary for the buyer at times to carry out testing to ensure the authenticity of a purchased raw material so that the declaration subsequently given can meet the requirements of labelling. Fruit juices have often, over the years, been subjected to sophistry. As analytical techniques have become more objective and accurate in discovering fraud,... 

Often the question is raised about the relation between supply security and the other two objectives of energy policy, that is, competitiveness and sustainability. There is a broad consensus that supply security is promoted by open and competitive markets that favor the exchange of information, the availability of resources and investments, leading to a diversified supply structure. The positive relation between supply security and competitive markets is strengthened by empirical evidence, for example, in the US (Hirschhausen, 2008), and the UK (UK Office of Fair Trading, 2007). This relation does not hold, of course, if there can be no downstream competition due to the dominant position of a vertically integrated company (the case of Bulgargaz). In this case, a more structured approach would be required. 

Oxidant Utilization In addition to the obvious trade-ofFbetween cell performance and compressor or blower auxiliary power, oxidant flow and utilization in the cell often are determined by other design objectives. For example, in the MCFC and SOFC cells, the oxidant flow is determined by the required cooling. This tends to yield oxidant utilizations that are fairly low (-25%). In a water-cooled PAFC, the oxidant utilization based on cell performance and a minimized auxiliary load and capital cost is in the range of 50 to 70%. 

During the early 1960s, the FAO Conference and the WHO launched a joint effort to protect the health of the consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade. With this in mind, the resulting FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme works towards the following objectives ... 

The recommendations of the JECFA and the JMPR are recognised as sound scientific advice and many countries base their food laws and regulations on them. The Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, implemented through the Codex Alimentarius Commission, also makes use of the JECFA and JMPR recommendations. In the course of their work the Codex Committee on Food Additives and the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues develop maximum levels (ML) or maximum residue levels (MRL), respectively, which form important parts of individual food standards. The Codex Alimentarius Commission is developing these standards to meet its two major objectives, namely to protect the health of the consumer and to ensure fair practice in the food trade. 

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