Factors influencing rate

Table 2.1 Factors Influencing Rate of Diffusion of a Substance...

Lewis, D. F. and Dickins, M. (2002) Factors influencing rates and clearance in P450-mediated reactions QSARs for substrates of the xenobiotic-metabolizing hepatic microsomal P450s. Toxicology 170, 45-53. 

Type of Reaction No Macromoiecular Partners Factors Influencing Rate of Reaction Ref. 

No direct measurements of volatilization losses of any pesticide has been made following applications to forests. However, Grover et al. (7) recently measured the volatilization of 2,4-D after application as the isooctyl ester to a wheat field. This same low-volatile ester is used in forest vegetation control. The total vapor loss within 3 days after application of the isooctyl ester of 2,4-D was 20% of the amount applied. The applicability of these findings to volatilization of like pesticides in the forest environment will be discussed. We will indicate how volatilization in forests may differ from that reported from agricultural applications to open fields. The paper also will discuss the transfer of pesticides into the atmosphere from the standpoint of mechanisms involved, factors influencing rates of... 

Product selectivities were also reported for solvolyses of p-mcthoxybcnzoyl chloride in aqueous MeOH, EtOH, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, PrOH, IVOil, and Bu OH at 25, 35, and 45 °C. The S values were small and depended significantly on the alcohol cosolvent, varying from 1.3 in MeOH to 0.1 in Bu OH, but depended only slightly on the solvent composition and temperature. As S adjusts the product ratios for changes in bulk solvent compositions, it was concluded that preferential solvation by either alcohol or water at the reaction site was not a major factor influencing rates or products. Logarithms of rate of solvolyses of p-mcthoxybcnzoyl chloride correlated well with Kosower Z values (based on solvatochromism).24... 

Butler EC, Hayes KF. Factors influencing rates and products in the transformation of trichloroethylene by iron sulfide and iron metal. Environ Sci Technol 2001 35 3884-3891. 

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