F Vinylidene chloride

Vinyldiazomethane, see 3-Diazopropene, 1132a Vinylene carbonate, see l,3-Dioxol-4-en-2-one, 1084 f Vinyl fluoride, see Fluoroethylene, 0744 f Vinylidene chloride, see 1,1-Dichloroethylene, 0691 f Vinylidene fluoride, see 1,1-Difluoroethylene, 0696 Vinyllithium, 0754... 

Fig. 15-4. Q-e map for a number of important monomers the full horizontal line indi-catea the present choice for the scale of the polarities e the band between the two broken lines represents the location of a more rational e scale (a) chlorotrifiuoroethylene, (b) acrylonitrile, (c) allyl chloride, (d) ct-chloroacrylate, (e) methacrylonitrile, (/) methyl acrylate, (f) vinylidene chloride, (A) methyl methacrylate, (t) vinyl chloride, (j) chloro-prene, -(fc) vinyl acetate, (i) butadiene, (m) styrene, ( ). isobutylene, (o) p-methoxysty-rene. XAlfrey, Bohrer and Mark, Copolyrmruaiion," p. 82, Intencienee Publishers, Ine., New York, 1952.)...

The important thermoplastics used commercially are polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), vinylidene chloride (Saran), fluorocarbons (Teflon, Halar, Kel-F, Kynar), polycarbonates, polypropylene, nylons, and acetals (Delrin). Important thermosetting plasttcs are... 

Scheme 4. Initiation of Vinylidene Chloride Polymerization Using Di-f- butyl Peroxide (TBPO) as Initiator.

Henschler D, Broser F, Hopf HC Polyneuritis cranialis following poisoning with chlorinated acetylenes while handling vinylidene chloride copolymers. (Ger.) Arch Toxicol 26 62-75, 1970... 

Murray, F.J., Nitschke. K.D., Rampy, L.W. Schwetz, B.A. (1979) Embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity of inhaled or ingested vinylidene chloride in rats and rabbits. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol., 49, 189-202... 

Nitschke, K.D., Smith, F.A., Quast, J.F., Norris, J.M. Schwetz, B.A. (1983) A three-generation rat reproductive toxicity study of vinylidene chloride in the drinking water. Fundam. appl. Toxicol., 3, 75-79... 

Vamell, D. F., Runt, J. P., Coleman, M. M. FT-IR and Thermal Analysis Studies of Blends of Poly(Caprolactone) and Homo- and Copolymers of Poly(vinylidene chloride). Preprint submitted to CARBON... 

The easiest technique to establish a polymer-photochromic molecule (PC) interaction is to dissolve the photochrome in a polymer solution from which the solvent is evaporated afterwards. DHI 7 has been incorporated by this technique into poly(methyl)- or poly( -butyl methacrylate), vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile (Saran F), polycarbonate, and polystyrene-butadiene copolymer (Panarez). 

The DHI s may be solution cast with certain polymers. Examples of photochromic plastics prepared this way are poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (n-butyl methacrylate), copoly (vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile) (e.g., SARAN F), polycarbonate, and polystyrene-butadiene (e.g., Panarez). 

Fig. 7-1. Relation between instantaneous feed composition f and corresponding copolymer composition F for random copolymerizations. Curve I. ethylene (ri = l)-vinyl acetate (ri = I) curve 2, styrene (rj = 0.8)-butadiene (rz = 1.4) curve 3, vinyl chloride (/ = l.4)-vinyl acetate O z = 0.6.S) curve 4, vinylidene chloride (r = 3.2)-vinyl ehloride (12 = 0.3).

Steric influences may retard some radical polymerizations and copolymerizations. Double bonds between substituted carbon atoms are relatively inert (unless the substituents are F atoms) and 1,2-substituted ethylenes do not homopolymerize in normal radical reactions. Where there is some tendency of such monomers to enter into polymers, the trans isomer is more reactive. When consideration is restricted to monomers that are doubly substituted on one carbon atom, it is usually assumed that steric effects can be neglected and that the influence of the two substituents is additive. Thus vinylidene chloride is generally more reactive in copolymerizations than is vinyl chloride. 

In this paper, the water sorption of two commercially available vinylidene chloride copolymers is studied using IGC at low probe concentrations. The copolymers are a poly (vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride) copolymer (Saran B) and a poly (vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile) copolymer (Saran F). These copolymers are extensively used in the form of films, coatings, and film laminates in various industrial applications (for example, packaging of foods and pharmaceuticals) where their diffusion characteristics are of prime importance. 

Fig. 1. Chemical structures of barrier polymers, (a) Vinylidene chloride copolymers (b) hydrolyzed ethylene—vinyl acetate (EVOH) (c) acrylonitrile barrier polymers (d) nylon-6 (e) nylon-6,6 (f) amorphous nylon (Selar PA 3426), y = x + 2 (g) nylon-MXD6 (h) poly(ethylene terephthalate) and (i) poly(vinyl...

CHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE (79-38-9) Flammable gas. Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point — 18°F/—28°C). Unless inhibited (terpenes 1% tributylamine are recommended), this material forms unstable peroxides. Reacts violently with oxidizers, bromine, chlorine, chlorine perchlorate, fluorine, ethylene, dichloroethylene, oxygen. Incompatible with chlorine trifluoride, vinylidene chloride. 

VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE or VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE(II) or VINYLIDINE CHLORIDE MONOMER (75-35-4) Forms explosive mixture with air (—18°F/—28°C). Inhibitors such as the monomethyl ether or hydroquinone must be added to prevent polymerization. Readily forms explosive peroxides with air or contaminants (a white deposit may indicate the presence of explodable peroxides). Violent polymerization from heat or on contact with oxidizers, chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, or oleum or under the influence of oxygen, sunlight, copper, or aluminum. Violent reaction with alkali metals (lithium, sodium. 

Liebler, D.C. and F.P. Guengerich (1983). Olefin oxidation by cytochrome P-450 Evidence for group migration in catalytic intermediates formed with vinylidene chloride and /raws-1-phenyl-1-butene. Biochemistry 22, 5482-5489. 

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