F Propylene oxide

Oxygen (Gas), Carbon disulfide, Mercury, Anthracene, 4831 Oxygen (Liquid), Carbon, Iron(II) oxide, 4832 Oxygen difluoride, Hexafluoropropene, Oxygen, 4317 Potassium chlorate, Manganese dioxide, 4017 f Propionyl chloride, Diisopropyl ether, 1163 f Propylene oxide, Sodium hydroxide, 1225 Silver azide, 0023 Silver nitride, 0038 Sodium carbonate, 0552 Sodium peroxoborate, 0155 Tetrafluoroammonium tetrafluoroborate, 0133 Triallyl phosphate, 3184... 

Epoxypropyloxy)2,2-dinitropropyl azide, 2403 f Ethylene oxide, 0829 f l-Fhioro-2,3-epoxypropane, 1171 Glycidyl azide, 1191 Nitrilotris(oxiranemethane), 3181 f Propylene oxide, 4831 Tetrafluorooxirane, 0632 f Thiirane, 0840... 

Potassium peroxodisulfate, 4668 f 2-Propen-l-ol, 1223 f Propylene oxide, 1225 Pyridine N--oxide, 1849 Sodium azide, 4758 Sodium chloroacetate, 0694 Sodium methoxide, 0464 Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 2184 Sodium peroxodisulfate, 4809 Sodium trichloroacetate, 0608 Styrene, 2945 Sucrose, 3558... 

Hydroxy alkylation of p-CD requires treating base-solubilized p-CD with the appropriate epoxide or haloalcohol.f Propylene oxide or propylene carbonate are used in the preparation of 2-hydroxypropyl p-CD ((2HP)-p-CD), the derivative being commercialized. The reaction occurs at both primary and... 

Polymerization in which a tactic polymer is formed. However, polymerization in which stereoisomerism present in the monomer is merely retained in the polymer is not to be regarded as stereospecific. For example, the polymerization of a chiral monomer, e.g., (/f)-propylene oxide [(/f)-methyloxirane], with retention of configuration is not considered to be a stereospecific reaction however, selective polymerization, with retention, of one of the enantiomers present in a mixture of (R)- and (S)-propylene oxide molecules is so classified. 

Bloor D M, Wan-Yunis W M Z, Wan-Badhi W A, Li Y, Hoizwarth J F and Wyn-Jones E 1995 Equilibrium and kinetio studies assooiated with the binding of sodium dodeoyl sulfate to the polymers poly(propylene oxide) and ethyl-(hydroxyethyl)oellulose Langmuir 3395-400... 

Ketene Process. The ketene process based on acetic acid or acetone as the raw material was developed by B. F. Goodrich (81) and Celanese (82). It is no longer used commercially because the intermediate P-propiolactone is suspected to be a carcinogen (83). In addition, it cannot compete with the improved propylene oxidation process (see Ketenes, ketene dimers, and related substances). 

Propylene oxide is a colorless, low hoiling (34.2°C) liquid. Table 1 lists general physical properties Table 2 provides equations for temperature variation on some thermodynamic functions. Vapor—liquid equilibrium data for binary mixtures of propylene oxide and other chemicals of commercial importance ate available. References for binary mixtures include 1,2-propanediol (14), water (7,8,15), 1,2-dichloropropane [78-87-5] (16), 2-propanol [67-63-0] (17), 2-methyl-2-pentene [625-27-4] (18), methyl formate [107-31-3] (19), acetaldehyde [75-07-0] (17), methanol [67-56-1] (20), ptopanal [123-38-6] (16), 1-phenylethanol [60-12-8] (21), and / /f-butanol [75-65-0] (22,23). 

The / f/-butanol (TBA) coproduct is purified for further use as a gasoline additive. Upon reaction with methanol, methyl tert-huty ether (MTBE) is produced. Alternatively the TBA is dehydrated to isobutylene which is further hydrogenated to isobutane for recycle ia the propylene oxide process. 

The manufacture and uses of oxiranes are reviewed in (B-80MI50500, B-80MI50501). The industrially most important oxiranes are oxirane itself (ethylene oxide), which is made by catalyzed air-oxidation of ethylene (cf. Section 5.05.4.2.2(f)), and methyloxirane (propylene oxide), which is made by /3-elimination of hydrogen chloride from propene-derived 1-chloro-2-propanol (cf. Section 5.05.4.2.1) and by epoxidation of propene with 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide cf. Section 5.05.4.2.2(f)) (79MI50501). 

Propanediol (1,2-Propylene glycol, 1,2-Dihydroxy propane, Methyl glycol). CH3.CHOH.CH2OH mw 76.09 colorl, viscous, stable, hygr liq bp 187.3°, d 1.0381g/cc at 20/20° RI 1.4293 at 27° fl pt (open cup) 210°F autoignition temp 780°F. Misc with w, ales, and many org solvents in all proportions. Can be prepd by hydration of propylene oxide. On nitration it yields the exp] 1,2-Propanediol Dinitrate (see below)... 

Synthesis of New Propellants Explosives , Quarterly Progress Rept No 5, US Rubber Co, Passaic, Contract Nord 10129 (1948), 36-37 4a) G.O. Curme, Jr F. Johnston, Glycols , ACS Monograph No 114, Reinhold, NY (1952) 4b) A.F, Gait, "Propylene Oxide in E.G. Hancock, Ed, Propylene and Its Industrial Derivatives , Wiley Sons, NY (1973), 273-97 5) R.C. Crews, Effects of Propylene Oxide on Selected Species of Fishes , AFATL TR-74-183 (1974) 6) Bretherick (1975), 364 7) Anon,... 

Example 5. Glycolysis of Polyurethanes with Propylene Oxide after Pretreatment with Ethanolamine.55 A rigid polyurethane foam (ca. 100 g) was dissolved in 30 g ethanolamine by heating. Excess ethanolamine was stripped, leaving a clear solution. Infrared and GPC analysis indicated that the clear solution obtained contained some residual polyurethane, aromatic polyurea, aliphatic polyols, aromatic amines, and N,N -bis(f -hydroxyethyljurea. Next the mixture was dissolved in 45 g propylene oxide and heated at 120°C in an autoclave for 2 h. The pressure increased to 40 psi and then fell to 30 psi at the end of the 2-h heating period. The product was a brown oil with a hydroxyl number of485. 

EPN 1.2- Epoxypropane. see Propylene oxide 2.3- Epoxy-l-Propanol, see Glycidol Ethanethiol, see Ethyl mercaptan F (GF)... 

Shah et al. (1994) have studied the preparation of a class of compounds called Indans, by cross-dimerization of AMS with amylenes, using an ion-exchange resin and acid-treated clay catalysts (Eqns. (12) and (13)). Indans can be subsequently converted, e.g. by acetylation, into perfumric compounds having mu.sk odour. For example, 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethylindan, the product obtained by cross-dimerization of AMS and wo-amylene (Eqn. (12)), can be reacted with propylene oxide and /7 ra-formaldehyde to give an indan type isochroman musk compound, 6-oxa-l,l,2,3,3,8-hexamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-lH-benz(f)-indene, sold as Galaxolide commercially. 

Propylene oxide F T Steel or stainless steel Rubber preferred though copper and brass are suitable for acetylene-free gas PTFE gaskets... 

Oxirane A general process for oxidizing olefins to olefin oxides by using an organic hydroperoxide, made by autoxidation of a hydrocarbon. Two versions are commercial. The first to be developed oxidizes propylene to propylene oxide, using as the oxidant f-butyl hydroperoxide made by the atmospheric oxidation of isobutane. Molybdenum naphthenate is used as a... 

R. Meiers, U. Dingerdissen, and W. F. Holderich, Synthesis of propylene oxide from propylene, oxygen and hydrogen catalyzed by palladium—platinum-containing titanium silicate, J. Catal. 176, 376-386(1998). 

A few plants are designed to produce styrene from EB but as a coproduct with propylene oxide (PO). In this process, EB is oxidized to a hydroperoxide (A in Figure 8—8) by bubbling air through the liquid EB in the presence of a catalyst. Hydroperoxides are, by their nature, very unstable compounds (one of the reasons that bleach, another hydroperoxide, works so well). So exposure to high temperatures has to be limited. The reactions are usually run at about 320°F and 500 psi pressure. Heat exchangers and multiple vessels are used to control the temperatures. Pressures are not critical in this process. 

The reactor effluent is distilled and unreacted EB is recycled. The EB hydroperoxide is then reacted with propylene at 250°F and pressure in the range of 250-700 psi in the presence of a metal catalyst to produce propylene oxide and methylbenzyl alcohol B in Figure 8-7). The reactor mixture is separated by multiple fractionators. Unreacted propylene and EB are recycled. PO is recovered overhead. The methyl benzyl alcohol is easily dehydrated in the vapor stage at 450—500° F and 500 psi pressure over a titanium dioxide or silica gel catalyst to form styrene. Acephenone is one of the by-products. 

Getting, F.L. Low-temperature heat capacity and related thermodynamic functions of propylene oxide, / Chem. Phys., 41(1) 149-153, 1964. 

Rowe VK, Hollingsworth RL, Oyen F, et al Toxicity of propylene oxide determined on experimental animals. AMA Arch Ind Health 13 228-236, 1956... 

Tan C-S, Chang C-F, Hsu T-J (2002) Copolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide and cyclohexene oxide by a yttrium-metal coordination catalyst system. In CO2 conversion and utilization. ACS Symp Ser 809 102-111... 

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