Extracts, extractive matter mixed

For preparing lakes, a solution of aluminium sulfate (or chloride) is mixed with sodium carbonate, forming fresh alumina Al(OH)3. The colorant is then added and adsorbed on the surface of alumina. Usually the content of colorant in the lake ranges from 10 to 40%." The product is filtered, washed with water, dried, and milled. The product is allowed to contain unreacted alumina but must not contain more than 0.5% HCl-insoluble matter and not more than 0.2 % ether-extractable matter. - Lakes are insoluble in most solvents used for pure dyes, and they have high opacity and better stability to light and heat. Lakes impart their color by dispersion of solid particles in the food. The coloring properties of lakes depend on particles, crystal structures, concentrations of dye, etc. 

Specifications for soHd i7j -l,4-polyisoprenes are shown in Table 5 and include analyses for volatile matter, extractables, ash, and Mooney viscosity at 100°C. Standard method ASTM D1416 includes chemical analysis methods for volatile matter, extractables, and total ash, while ASTM D1646 includes Mooney viscosity (82). The Monsanto rheometer data for vulcanizates prepared by a standard recipe may also be specified. This formulation for vulcanizate (ASTM D3403) is mixed in a Banbury mixer in two passes with all but sulfur and accelerator added in first pass ... 

A soil sample is placed in a centrifuge tube, mixed with 0.5 M HC1 for 1 hour, and centrifuged. The HC1 solution is removed and the soil washed with water to remove the acid. The soil is then extracted with 0.5 M NaOH for 18 hours with shaking, followed by centrifuging to remove dissolved organic matter from soil (adapted and condensed from Reference 21). 

To determine the efficiency of extraction, it is imperative that the pollutant is bound to the matrix in a similar configuration to that which exists in the environment. The extraction efficiency can then be measured for that analyte in a specific matrix configuration. At present, water is the only matrix where this can be achieved in a relatively straightforward way. The analytes are added below the surface of the sample in a small volume of water miscible solvent. The water must be completely mixed and allowed to stand at least overnight prior to extraction to allow the pollutants to come into equilibrium with the other organic materials, particularly humic matter. The spiked water sample must be analyzed... 

Procedure (determination of inorganic phosphate (b) in the alkaline extract). Pipette 25 ml of the alkaline extract into a 50-ml volumetric flask followed by 3.5 ml 1 M HCI from a dispenser. This will neutralize the sodium hydroxide and leave 1 ml excess of acid, causing precipitation of organic matter. Make up to 50 ml and mix. Filter through a dry Whatman No. 44, 9 cm, filter paper... 

The cleansing properties of an aq. extract of the ash of vegetable matter were known to the ancients it was also known that the filtered or decanted liquid is charged with a salt which remains at the bottom of the vessel after the evaporation of the water. This salt was called neter. Jeremiah (2.22) referred to this substance in the seventh century before our era. His term neter, translated nitre, is derived by the scholars from natar, which makes neter or nitre mean a substance which effervesces. In one of Solomon s sharpest Proverbs (25. 20), the reference to the commotion which ensues on mixing nitre with vinegar shows that natron, what we now call sodium carbonate, was in the writer s mind. The neter of the Hebrews, the nitre of the translators, the nitron—vlrpov—of the Greeks and the nitrum of the Romans, thus refer to the same thing. 

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