Extracellular signal-regulated kinase proliferation

Sulpice E, Bryckaert M, Lacour J, Confreres JO, Tobelem G. Platelet factor 4 inhibits FGF2-induced endothelial cell proliferation via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway but not by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Blood 2002 100(9) 3087-3094. 

Fig. 11. Modes of action of fluorine on osteoblastic cells, (a) Tyrosine phosphatase hypothesis in osteoblastic cells, fluoride ion directly inhibits tyrosine phosphatase. Inhibition of this enzyme enhances the tyrosine phosphorylation of signalling molecules induced by receptor tyrosine kinase, which leads to activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through the Ras pathway and enhanced cell proliferation, (b) G-protein hypothesis in osteoblast-like cells, fluoride ions form a complex with aluminum, probably fluoroaluminate, which interacts with guanosine 5 -diphosphate (GDP) to form guanosine 5 -triphosphate (GTP)-like molecule. Activation of the G, protein stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of signalling molecules by a yet unknown tyrosine kinase (Tyr Kin) and activation of the ERK kinase through the Ras pathway leads to enhanced cell proliferation. (Reproduced by permission of Elsevier from Ref. [175] ...

King RE, Kent KD, Bomser JA. 2005 Resveratrol reduces oxidation and proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition. Chem Biol Interact 151 143-149. 

Bajetto A, Barbero S, Bona via R, et al. (2001) Stromal cell-derived factor- lalpha induces astrocyte proliferation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases A pathway J Neurochem 77 1226-1236... 

Analysis of the in vitro effects of OL on vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) has revealed that OL inhibits proliferation of SMC acting through the extracellular-signal regulated kinase-1/2, an effect that participates in atherogenesis progression [148]. 

T suda Y, Okazaki M, Uezono Y, et al. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases is essential for pressure-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2002 446 15-24. 

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is probably the best-characterized, hence best-understood, member of the MAPK family. The activation of ERK 1/2 in neurons triggers a wide variety of possible cellular responses ranging from proliferation and differentiation to cell survival and death. 

Quercetin-induced apoptosis of mature adipocytes oeeurs most probably through the modulation of the ERKs (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases) pathway, which is important in cell survival, differentiation and proliferation (Ahn et al., 2008, Yang et al, 2008). 

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