Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and

The TP receptor requires the G/G protein to activate the Src-Ras-ERKl/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2) cascade to induce the proliferative response, which in turn promotes the rapid nuclear translocation of activated ERKl/2 (201). Because TP receptor may be activated by many inflammatory mediators (202-204), these findings suggest new therapeutic strategies that alter the ASM hypertrophy or hyperplasia observed in the chronic airflow obstruction and airway inflammation that characterizes asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 

Wei, H., Ahn, S., Shenoy, S. K., et al. 2003. Independent beta-arrestin 2 and G protein-mediated pathways for angiotensin II activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 10782-10787. 

Aplin, M., Christensen, G.L., Schneider, M., Heydorn, A., Gammeltoft, S., Kjolbye, A.L., Sheikh, S.P., and Hansen, J.L. 2007b. Differential extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation by the angiotensin type 1 receptor supports distinct phenotypes of cardiac myocytes. Basic Res. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 100 296-301. 

Bolan EA, Kivell B, Jaligam V, Oz M, Jayanthi LD, et al. 2007. D2 receptors regulate dopamine transporter function via and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2-depen-dent and phosphoinositide 3 kinase-independent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 71 1222-1232. 

Collectively, the above observations indicate that human neutrophils express all Jaks and STATs identified [28, 41 7], Despite this, there is presently no reported study in the literature dealing with the utilization of the Jak-STAT pathway in yc user-induced neutrophils. We have recently demonstrated that IL-15 induces the phosphorylation of Jak-2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 [48]. 

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 Eield excitatory postsynaptic potential Eibroblast growth factor-2 y-aminobutyric acid... 

The activation of spinal extracellular signaling-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERKl, ERK2) is also required for secondary hyperalgesia [8]. Noxious activation of ionotropic, metabotropic, and tyrosine kinase receptors in dorsal horn neurons activates protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC), leading to the production of ERK. Hyperalgesia after thermal stimulation is mediated by non-NMDA receptors. The thermal stimulus model demonstrates distinct protein kinase involvement downstream from spinal non-NMDA receptor activation. Jones et al. [9]... 

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