Extracellular matrix , role

Salas, P.J., Ponce, M.I., Brignoni, M. and Rodriguez, M.L. (1992). Attachment of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells to extracellular matrix role of a laminin binding protein related to the 37/67 kDa laminin receptor in the development of plasma membrane polarization. Biol Cell 75, 197-210. 

Hyaluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide found in the highest concentrations in soft connective tissues where it fills an important structural role in the organization of the extracellular matrix (23,24). It has been used in ophthalmic preparations to enhance ocular absorption of timolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of glaucoma (25), and in a viscoelastic tear formulation for conjunctivitis (26). The covalent binding of adriamycin and daunomycin to sodium hy-aluronate to produce water-soluble conjugates was recently reported (27). 

Elastin is a heavily crosslinked biopolymer that is formed in a process named elastogenesis. In this section, the role of elastin and the different steps of elastin production will be described, starting with transcription of the genetic code and processing of the primary transcript, followed by translation into the elastin precursor protein and its transport to the extracellular matrix. Finally, the crosslinking and fiber formation, which result in the transition from tropoelastin to elastin, are described. 

It has been demonstrated in other cell types that lutein can inhibit expression of MMPs and/ or activity (Philips et al., 2007). For example, in dermal fibroblasts lutein inhibits expression of MMP-1 and decreases levels of MMP-2 protein (Philips et al., 2007). In melanoma cells, lutein inhibits MMP-1 expression while stimulating TIMP-2 (Philips et al., 2007). Moreover it has been shown that lutein inhibits elastin expression in fibroblasts subjected to oxidative stress by exposure to ultraviolet light (Philips et al., 2007). These results clearly indicate that lutein can play an important role in remodeling of the extracellular matrix. 

A very innovative area of research has focused on the determinants of plaque stability. An important role seems to be played by enzymes involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The rupture of unstable plaques induces platelet activation, too. Acute thrombus formation under these conditions seems fundamental to the onset of acute ischemic events. 

Stamenkovic, I., Extracellular matrix remodelling The role of matrix metalloproteinases,... 

Vardi A, Formiggini F, Casotti R, De Martino A, Ribalet F, Miralto A, Bowler C (2006) A stress surveillance system based on calcium and nitric oxide in marine diatoms. PLoS Biol 4 411 119 Vorwerk S, Somerville S, Somerville C (2004) The role of plant cell wall polysaccharide composition in disease resistance. Trends Plant Sci 9 203-209 Vreeland V, Laetsch WM (1990) A gelling carbohydrate in algal cell wall formation. In Adair WS, Mecham RP (eds) Organization and assembly of plant and animal extracellular matrix. Academic, San Diego, CA, ppl 37—171... 

Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix protein that mediates a variety of cellular effects. It is important in cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions ( 3.9), mediates reticuloendothelial cell activity and binds both to Clq (the first component of complement) and to bacteria. It also increases the tu-mouricidal activity of macrophages and activates complement receptors, by regulating the binding of C3b-coated particles to neutrophils. It may mediate attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to neutrophils and may also play a role as an adhesion factor, promoting the adhesion of neutrophils to surfaces. Fibronectin mRNA (8.7-8.8 kb) is detected only at low levels in... 

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