Explosives plasticized

Other Glycol Nitrates. Other Hquid nitrates have been used as explosive plasticizers for nitroceUulose (Table 8). These may be made by mixed-acid nitration using procedures similar to those used for nitroglycerin. 

Triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) is an explosive plasticizer of low sensitivity that has been used in some nitroceUulose-base propellant compositions, often in combination with metriol trinitrate. Butanetriol trinitrate has been used occasionally as an explosive plasticizer coolant in propellants. Its physical properties are Hsted in Table 7. 

Since the first application of turbocompressors (Figure 4-1) in large-scale production of nitric acid as a raw material for fertilizers, explosives, plastics, and a variety of other chemical products, the requirements on processes as well as on rotating equipment have become increasingly demanding. Environmental as well as economic considerations have heavily influenced the development of such plants. 

Basic Research Leading to the Development of Ideal Propellants. Explosive Plasticizers for Nitrocellulose , PATR 1616 (1946) 8) V. 

Anon, Explosive, Plastic-Bonded Molding Powder (PBXN-5) , MIL-E-81111A(OS> (1973) 62) W.O. Munson, Sheet Explosive Studies , AFWL TR73-19 (1973) 63) K.C. Miller,... 

Purchase Description for Explosive, Plastic Bonded, Injection Moldable, PBXC-303 (PBXN-301) , NAVORD WS 12612 (1972) 92) B.M. 

Event 2 Explosion—Plastics manufacturing. Phillips Petroleum, Pasadena, Texas (October 23, 1989). 23 fatalities, 130-300 injured extensive facility damage (U.S. 

The general population is not likely to be exposed to either 1,3-DNB or 1,3,5-TNB. Exposure to both compounds is possible around Army ammunition plants. Occupational or accidental exposure to 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB may also occur in industries using these two compounds in manufacturing processes (e.g., explosives, plastics, dyes). 

Uses. Fertilizer refrigeration petroleum refining blue printing machines manufacture of fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, plastics, and other chemicals... 

HEP-T (High-Explosive, Plastic-Tracer) Projectiles are used against tanks. Information about their construction is classified, but they are described in confidential Technical Manual TM 9-1300-203-1(1961). The following calibers are listed in Refs 40b in Ref 52 75-mm HEP-T, T165E11 for Gun Cannons (Ref 40b, p 37) 77-mm HEP-T,... 

Fuze, BD M91A2 is a nondelay fuze used with HEAT-T HEP (high-explosive, plastic) ammunition. It is similar in construction and functioning to M62A2 (which is not described here because no drawing is available), except that it is provided with a tracer element (Ref 52, p 5-105 no drawing)... 

HEP. High Explosive, Plastic (HEP) is defined as ammunition designed to defeat armor by spalling or scabbing. Conventional HEP shells have thin walls, ogival noses, base fuzes, and large filler capacities... 

T. Sakurai, Brisance of Explosives, Plastic Deformation Flow of Solid Produced by the Detonation of Explosives , KKK 18, 225—36... 

Picryl chloride Plastic explosive Plastic explosive 1 -Chi oro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene... 

Plastic explosive Plastic explosive Plastic explosive PNT... 

Secondary high explosive. Plastic explosive Comp C-1... 

Explosive Composition PBXN-5. It consists of HMX 95 Viton (vinylidene fluoride hexa-fluoropropylene copolymer) 5%, and has a rate of deton of 8760m/sec at density 1.82g/cc. Its military requirements are given in Specification MIL-E-81111A, Explosive, Plastic-Bonded Molding Powder (Feb 1973)... 

Explosive, Plastic-Bonded Molding Powder (PBXN-5) PBXN-5 MIL-E-81111A Feb 1973... 

As aqueous solution, it is used as a parent compound for preparation of numerous chemicals used in industry, such.as in the manufacture of explosives, plastics, resins (eg phenol-formaldehyde resins) etc (See... 

Castorina, Ibid, "Explosive Plasticizers for Nitrocellulose , PATR 1755 (Dec 1949)... 

The Kinetics of Solution of Cellulose Nitrates in Explosive Plasticizers , PATR 1786 (Oct 1950)... 

In the case of SB, DB and propellants, slow but autocatalytic decomposition of NC and NG takes place even at ambient temperatures. This is retarded by the addition of a stabilizer to these propellants and thus the compatibility and the stability or life of these propellants increases. The silvered vessel test and stabilizer consumption rate are the methods which are generally used to predict safe chemical life of propellants in Europe, USA, India and other countries. The migration of explosive plasticizer (NG) and non-explosive plasticizers ( , DEP) from propellants to inhibitors or vice-versa also affect the ballistics, mechanical properties and life of inhibited propellants. 

These propellants are also called colloidal or double-base (DB) propellants and have nitrocellulose (NC) and nitroglycerine (NG) as their principal ingredients. Some ingredients may also be added in small proportions to serve as stabilizer, non-explosive plasticizer, coolant, lubricant, opacifier and burning-rate modifier or other additives to impart desirable properties to the propellants. These propellants are processed into desired shapes by two methods, that is, extrusion and casting. They find wide applications in anti-tank missiles. 

Triacetin ( ) Diethyl phthalate (DEP) Function as plasticizers and also desensitizer for nitroglycerine (NG) used as an explosive plasticizer for DB and CMDB propellants. 

It is, in fact, a combination of properties such as compatibility, tensile strength (TS), % elongation (E), bond strength (BS) with propellant and explosive plasticizer (NG)/non-explosive plasticizer (TA,DEP,DOA,DOP etc.) migration or absorption, heat resistance and flame retardance which makes a polymer suitable for inhibition of solid propellants. A compromise among these properties is made in such a way that the performance of inhibited propellants after conditioning at ambient, cold (-40 °C) and hot (+60 °C) temperatures is satisfactory during static evaluation. 

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