Experimental studies mouse

Experimental studies with human subjects and several mammalian species (monkey, dog, rat, mouse, and rabbit) were located. Animal studies addressed neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and cardiac sensitization and were conducted over acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure durations. 

Experimental study on the toxicity of MIC vapor on rats, mouse, rabbits, and guinea pigs as well as on human volunteers was first reported in 1964 (Kimmerle and Eben,... 

Pikal, M. and Shah, S. Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis III. An experimental study of the contributions of electro-osmotic flow and permeability change in transport of low and high MW solutes. Pharm. Res. 7 222, 1990. Gangerosa, L. P., Park, N.-H., Wiggins, C. A., and Hill, J. M. Increased penetration of non-electrolytes into mouse skin during iontophoretic water transport (lontohydrokinesis). J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 212 311, 1980. 

Chan, W.Y., Tam, P.P.L. 1988. A morphological and experimental study of the mesencephalic neural crest cells in the mouse embryo using wheat-germ agglutinin gold conjugate as the cell marker. Development 102, 427-442. 

Environmental chemicals were originally associated with cancer through experimental studies in animals. The classic experiment is to repeatedly paint a test substance on the back of a mouse and look for development of both local and systemic tumors in the animal. Likewise, the ability of ionizing radiation to cause human cancer, especially leukemia, was dramatically shown by the Increased rates of leukemia among survivors of the atomic bombs dropped in World War II, and more recently by the increase in melanoma (skin cancer) in individuals exposed to too much sunlight (UV radiation). 

Despite comments such as these and additional ones in later publications, animal experimentation, particularly mouse skin-painting studies, constituted a substantial part of the bioassays on tobacco smoke. Such bioassays are not only expensive but also extremely time consuming (18 to 24 months). Because of the absence of a positive response in studies of tobacco smoke inhalation by laboratory animals, mouse skin-painting with CSC was selected as the bioassay of choice in the massive decade-long (1970-1980) study conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) on less hazardous cigarettes, a study that involved nearly 100 test cigarettes and 30 standard or reference cigarettes (1329, 1330,1332,1333, 2683). 

In experimental studies, bacosides did not show any endocrine, metabolic, gastrointestinal, anabolic, or behavioral side effect no lethality was observed on the oral administration also. Phase I clinical studies confirmed the safety of the bacosides in healthy male volunteers at both single and multiple doses administered over a period of 4 weeks [1]. In addition, bacosides showed no adverse effect on reproductive system in male mouse [32]. 

Oral LD q levels have been deterrnined in the mouse at 470 mg/kg (21) and the guinea pig at 7750 mg/kg (22). Several other studies (23—25) have shown that large quantities of both synthetic and natural glycerol can be adniinistered orally to experimental animals and humans without the appearance of adverse effects. Intravenous adniinistration of solutions containing 5% glycerol to animals and humans has been found to cause no toxic or otherwise undesirable effects (26). 

Chinese Herbal Medicines. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been screened for radioprotective activity in experimental animals. In one study of more than a thousand Chinese herbs, a number of agents increased the survival rate of dogs exposed to a lethal dose of y-rays by 30—40%, and some symptoms of radiation injury were ameHorated. These effects are potentially related to stimulation of the hemopoietic and immune systems (130). Extracts of five Chinese dmg plants, as weU as aspirin, effectively protected mice exposed to 7.5—8.0 Gy (750—800 rad) of y-radiation, and increased survival rates by 8—50% (131). Several Chinese traditional medicines, adininistered ip before or after irradiation, protected against Hpid peroxidation in a variety of mouse tissues, including BM, Hver, and spleen, as weU as in mouse Hver microsomal suspensions irradiated in vitro (132). 

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