Exfoliated graphene

The inkjet printing of nanosheets of graphene and M0S2 by hquid exfoliation has been shown (21). The graphene traces were printed 

Thin traces displayed percolation effects. In contrast, traces with a thickness above 160 nm displayed a conductivity of 3,000 SnT that is not dependent on the thickness. 

the printing of semiconducting traces has been demonstrated using solvent-exfoliated, size-selected M0S2 nanosheets. Those traces can be combined with the inkjet printed graphene interdigitated array electrodes, thus producing photodetectors (21). 

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U. Khan, P. May, A. O Neill, J.N. Coleman, Development of stiff, strong, yet tough composites by the addition of solvent exfoliated graphene to polyurethane, Carbon, 48 (2010) 4035-4041. 

H. Wang, J.T. Robinson, X. Li, H. Dai, Solvothermal reduction of chemically exfoliated graphene sheets, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131 (2009) 9910-9911. 

The majority of studies have used surfactants that wrap around nanocarbons via van der Waals interactions [37]. For instance, surfactants such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) are commonly used to disperse CNTs in aqueous solutions [38,39] while other surfactants, such as Pluorinc-123, are used to mechanically exfoliate graphene from graphite flakes (Fig. 5.4(a)) [40,41]. The polar head group of the surfactant can be used to further hybridize the nanocarbon via a range of covalent or noncovalent interactions [42]. For example, nanoparticles of Pt [43,44] and Pd [45] have been decorated onto SDS-wrapped MWCNTs. Similarly, Whitsitt et al. evaluated various surfactants for their ability to facilitate the deposition of Si02 NPs onto SWCNTs [46,47]. As an exam-... 

Fig. 27 Supercapacitor study using graphene electrodes (5 mg each), (a) Cyclic voltammogram of chemical vapor deposited graphene (CG) nanodiamond derived graphene (NG) and exfoliated graphene (EG), (b) Evolution of specific capacitance vs scan rate. (Reprinted with permission Ifom [243])...

The discussion in Sect. 4 of the Raman spectrum of bilayer and multilayer graphene is valid only for Bernal (AB) stacked graphene. Mechanically exfoliated graphene from crystalline graphite usually exhibits such characteristics. However, multilayer... 

Bracamonte MV, Lacconi GI, Urreta SE, Foa Torres LEE (2014) On the nature of defects in liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. J Phys Chem C 118 15455-15459... 

Actually, in our work, it can be imagined PVDF chains which are trapped between graphen sheets and are in close contact with PMMA chains, crystallize in the confined spaces that are provided by graphen sheets and PMMA chains. It is demonstrated that exfoliated graphene-based materials are often compliant, and when dispersed in a polymer matrix are typically not observed as rigid disks, but rather as bent or crumpled platelets 0. R. Potts, 2011). Consequently, as can be seen in TEM image of 70 30 sample (Fig. 7), the wrinkled surface of... 

As discussed in Section 7.4.3, graphene can also be produced by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite using ILs or other solvent combinations as electrolyte. Saxena et al. reported on electropolymerization of FOOT using both electrochemically exfoliated graphene (fluoro alkyl phosphate-based ionic liquid functionalized graphene [ILFG]] and rGO as electrolytes [99],... 

Diiimon, V. S., and Sampath, S. [2011]. Eiectrochemicai preparation of few iayer-graphene nanosheets via reduction of oriented exfoliated graphene oxide thin films in acetamide-urea-ammonium nitrate meit under ambient conditions. Thin Solid Fiims, 519, pp. 2323-2327. 

The photochemical reduction has also been applied for synthesis of graphene-metal NPs. In this case, graphene-metal NPs nanocomposites were prepared by the irradiant white light instead of the chemical reducing agent In one report noble metal salts adsorbed on ultrasonication exfoliated graphene flakes, which were functionalized with ionic surfactants, were reduced... 

Antiohos, D., Pingmuang, K., Romano, M. S., Beirne, S., Romeo, T, Aitchison, R, Minett, A., Wallace, G., Phanlchphant, S., and Chen, J. [2013], Manganoslte-mlcrowave exfoliated graphene oxide composites for asymmetric supercapacitor device applications, Electrochim. Acta, 101, pp. 99-108. 

PANI/exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNs) composites were prepared by similar in-situ polymerization [13]. A paper-like nanocomposite flexible film was obtained by controlling vacuum filtration of an aqueous dispersion of PANI-decorated GNs as shown in Figure 6.6 [14]. 

Graphene field-effect transistors with a parylene back gate and an exposed graphene top surface have been reported [40]. A back gate stack of 168 nm parylene on 94 nm thermal silicon oxide permitted an optical reflection microscopy technique to be used for the identification of exfoliated graphene flakes. At room... 

P. Song, Z. Cao, Y. Cai, L. Zhao, Z. Fang, S. Fu, Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based polypropylene ncuiocomposites with enhanced mechanical cuid thermal properties. Polymer, 52 (18), 4001-4010, 2011. 

N., Peltekis, N., Coleman, J.N., and Duesberg, G.S. (2010) Electrochemical ascorbic acid sensor based on DMF-exfoliated graphene. / Mater. Chem.,... 

Toth, P.S., Valota, A., Velicky, M., Kinloch, I., Novoselov, K., Hill, E.W, and Dryfe, R.A.W. (2014) Electrochemistry in a drop a study of the electrochemical behaviour of mechanically exfoliated graphene on photoresist coated silicon substrate. Chem. Set, 5, 582- 589. 

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