Excrement

The acetamide often contains a minute amount of impurity having an odour resembling mice excrement this can be removed by washing with a small volume of a 10 per cent, solution of ethyl alcohol in ether or by recrystallLsation. Dissolve 5 g. of impure acetamide in a mixture of 5 ml. of benzene and 1 5 ml. of dry ethyl acetate warm on a water bath until all is dissolved and cool rapidly in ice or cold water. Filter oflF the crystals, press between Alter paper and dry in a desiccator. The unpleasant odour is absent and the pure acetamide melts at 81°. Beautiful large crystals may be obtained by dissolving the acetamide (5 g.) in warm methyl alcohol (4 ml.), adding ether (40 ml.) and allowing to stand. 

Problems associated with excessive levels of nutrients and unwanted nuisance species have already been mentioned. There are cases in which intentional fertilization is used by aquaculturists in order to produce desirable types of natural food for the species under culture. Examples of this approach include inorganic fertilizer appHcations in ponds to promote phytoplankton and zooplankton blooms that provide food for young fish such as channel catfish, the development of algal mats through fertilization of milkfish ponds, and the use of organic fertilizers (from Hvestock and human excrement) in Chinese carp ponds to encourage the growth of phytoplankton, macrophytes, and benthic invertebrates. In the latter instance, various species of carp with different food habits are stocked to ensure that all of the types of natural foods produced as a result of fertilization are consumed. 

Kot, m. feces, excrement mud sludge dirt. Kot-. fecal, -abgang, m. defecation, kot-artig, a. fecal, feculent, excremental. -aus- fUhrend, -ausleerend, p.a. purgative, cathartic, aperient. 

Fig. 9.21 Waier trap in steel girder assembly of a bridge. Salt aerosol, bird excrement, etc., may also find their way into this stagnant water, producing an extremely corrosive fluid...

Filthy conditions, due to rodent or insect population, may be observed in a grain warehouse. The inspector notes rat-chewed flour sacks and sacks contaminated with rat excrement. He removes a sample of sacking and flour from such contaminated areas and submits them to the analyst. Urine fluoresces under ultraviolet light. Where rodent urine is to be confirmed, the xanthydrol test is one of several that may be used. Excreta pellets may be moistened with water or an appropriate clearing solution and crushed for observation under the compound microscope. The presence of striated hair fragments indicates rodent excrement. 

If flour or meal has become contaminated with storage insects after milling, the insect parts or larvae may be removed for identification by sieving or by a flotation procedure, but perhaps only excrement remains in the sample. This is about the same color as the material upon which the insects have fed and has generally the same appearance macroscopically. By means of the fluorescent light, however, pellets may be rendered more readily visible. If such flour is treated with clove oil, the pellets stand out distinctly and may be readily counted. 

Ammonia, whose name seems to come from that of the Egyptian god Amon, was obtained for the first time in 1612 by Kunchel by heating ammonium chloride from animal excrements with calcium hydroxide [1]. This gas, described as stifling, has been studied by Scheele and Priestley, and its formula (NH3) was established by Berthollet in 1875 [1, 2]. 

Excrements show that all the alkyl, hydroxyl, and amine radicals which we have studied considerably reduce the conductivity and increase the work function of oxide semiconductors like ZnO, Ti02, CdO, WO2, M0O3, etc. during chemisorbtion. It should be noted that the revealed effects are rather profound especially if we are dealing with the effect of chemisorbtion of active particles on conductivity of a thin (less than 1 pm) sintered polycrystal semiconductor films. Thus, conductivity of such films in the presence of free CH3-radicals with the concentration of even 10 cm and less may change from initial value by dozens or hundreds percent depending on experimental conditions. 

The new fibers were scientifically interesting—and they eventually laid the foundation for the synthetic textile industry—but at the time they seemed practically worthless. The first polyester fibers resembled those produced by the lowly silk worm, but Carothers did not think that the discovery would be commercially valuable. The polymer chains made in Hill s molecular still were still not long enough to make robust fibers. The filaments melted at such a low temperature and were so soluble that they could not be ironed or washed in dry cleaning fluid or hot water. Carothers knew he would have to make longer polymers if he hoped to make a marketable fiber. Instead, Carothers dramatized the romance of Hill s discovery by quoting the seventeenth-century microscopist, Robert Hooke, who had dreamed of making synthetic silk even better than that Excrement made by silk worms. 

Dauwe, T., Bervoets, L., Blust, R., Pinxten, R., and Eens, M. 2000. Can excrement and feathers of nestling songbirds be used as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution Archiv. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 39 541-546. 

Commission of the European Communities. 1978. The spreading of animal excrement on utilized agricultural areas of the Community. Report Nr. 48 Aug. 1978. 

One of Balsamo s most effective modes of warfare was to paint Masonic and biblical emblems and prophecies on the walls of his cell—the Sicilian had, it seems, returned to one of his earliest talents. Most of these murals were smeared on the plaster with a paint he created by blending his urine with rust from the bars of the cell. Sometimes he also used excrement. He made a brush by ripping away pieces of wood from his bed with his teeth. To this handle he somehow sewed a straw and cotton tip. He could use his improvised brush with uncanny speed on one occasion Marinis spyhole was unattended for only an hour, during which time Balsamo managed to fill an entire wall with loathsome drawings. ... 

The data obtained from studying crude cultures were not as bad as one would assume. For example, the stoichiometric relationships between the consumption of sugar and the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide were determined even before yeast became known as the causative agent of alcoholic fermentation (Gay Lussac 1810). Furthermore, the general equation for the formation of propionic acid was calculated by A. Fitz in Strassburg in 1878 on the basis of studies with crude cultures inoculated with cow excrements ... 

Fecal pellet Solid organic excrement generally ovoid in form and less than 1 mm in length. Produced primarily by marine invertebrates. 

Symptoms On corn, the larvae feed on fresh silks, then move down the ears, eating kernels and leaving trails of excrement as they go. Early and late cultivars are most affected. On tomatoes (where the larvae are called tomato fruitworms), the larvae burrow into ripe fruits, eat buds, and chew large holes in leaves. 

After many days and nights of this, I awoke feverish in the middle of the night, the air redolent with curried food, excrement, and machine oil. I made my way to the exposed deck on the stem. The night was warm, the smell of curry not altogether lost even there. I sat down with my back against a heavily painted metal box... 

Hamer s work among the Jivaro did not stand alone. Since the beginnings of ethnographic reporting out of the Amazon there have been mmors and unconfirmed reports of magical excrement and... 

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