Excitability wave

Figure A3.13.6. Time evolution of the probability density of the CH cliromophore in CHF after 50 fs of irradiation with an excitation wave number = 2832.42 at an intensity 7q = 30 TW cm. The contour...

Figure 40. Pump-dump control of NaK by using two quadraticaUy chirped pulses. The initial state and the first step of pump are the same as in Fig. 39. The excited wave packet is now dumped at R 6.5cio on the way to the outer turning point. The parameters of the second pulse are a ) = 1.929 X 10 eVfs , = 1.224eV, and I = 0.lOTWcm . The second pulse is centered at...

Fig. 12.2 Left The ground (X, solid line), excited (6, dashed line) and dissociative [a1g(3II), dotted line] electronic state potentials of the iodine molecule. The arrow indicates the electronic excitation. The initial excited wave packet is located in the Franck-Condon region near to the inner classical turning point of the B state. The transition from the B to the a state is forbidden by symmetry in the isolated molecule but becomes allowed when the molecule is placed in a solvent.

The cantilever is excited into resonance by electrically exciting the piezoelectric cantilever mount. The frequency of the excitation wave is scanned in a given frequency range, and the frequency of maximum cantilever amplitude is taken as the resonance frequency. The frequency spectrum of the cantilever response shows the fundamental frequency as well as the harmonics of cantilever vibration. The cantilevers, however, also resonate in response to ambient conditions such as room temperature or acoustic noise without requiring any external power. 

An analytical theory for the study of CC of radiationless transitions, and in particular, IC leading to dissociation, in molecules possessing overlapping resonances is developed in Ref. [33]. The method is applied to a model diatomic system. In contrast to previous studies, the control of a molecule that is allowed to decay during and after the preparation process is studied. This theory is used to derive the shape of the laser pulse that creates the specific excited wave packet that best enhances or suppresses the radiationless transitions process. The results in Ref. [33] show the importance of resonance overlap in the molecule in order to achieve efficient CC over radiationless transitions via laser excitation. Specifically, resonance overlap is proven to be crucial in order to alter interference contributions to the controlled observable, and hence to achieve efficient CC by varying the phase of the laser field. 

In early type stars, the bottom boundary penetrates into convective core (Osaki 1975). Accordingly, convective motion of eddies excites sound waves, as in the case of acoustic noise emmision from incompressible turbulence, shown by Lighthill (1978). Since the frequency of excited waves is higher than the Brunt-Vaisala frequency at the photosphere, the waves are not trapped, but running outward (cf. Unno et al 1979). 

Highly sensitive fluorogenic synthetic substrates are also available for a variety of proteinases. Those that are in most widespread use are short peptidyl derivatives in which the acyl group is conjugated to 7-amido-4-methylcou-marin (AMC). On cleavage of the amide bond by a proteinase, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin is released, and the rate of the reaction can be monitored by its intense fluorescence, using a spectrofluorometer with an excitation wave-... 

The similarities are obvious. In all cases, excitation maximum is at 356 nm and emission at about 422 nm. The blank shown is the spectrum from a polyamide plate exposed in a similar situation but without lipid. It shows the residual of the scatter peak at 360 nm which is not removed by the 39 filter. There is also a pattern of diffraction peaks produced by the polyamide (and, indeed, by any fine powder-coated surface like silica TLC plates). The wavelengths of this diffraction pattern are excitation wave-length-dependent, unlike the situation in normal fluorescence, a given peak of which is conservative in wavelength with changes in... 

Figure 53 (a) Emission spectra of ZnTPPC in various environments (excitation wave-... 

To make excited state functions with correct symmetry it is necessary to take linear combinations of the localized excitation functions, and these must transform as do the representations of the space group of the crystal. We arrive in this way at delocalized excitation wave functions, Eq. (3),... 

The localized excitation wave functions are the analogues of expressions (2), namely (5) for excitation localized on a host... 

Figure 3 Emission spectra of KgPtClg single crystals showing the evolution of vibrational structure with decreasing temperature. Excitation wave length a...

Figure 9. Emission intensity and c(4t) plots for Ru(bipy) ]ci2 in aqueous solution at normal temperature. Excitation wave length exc= 358 nm.

Intramolecular cycloaddition for 5-phenyltricyclo[5.2.1.02i6]deca-4,8-dien-3-one, 102, producing the cage product, 103 has been reported to proceed through an upper singlet state [82] (Scheme 8). The participation of an upper singlet was determined by a comparison of yields obtained using different excitation wave-... 

Thus, we see, via Eqs. (2,28) and (2.57) that the coefficients of expansion of the excited wave packet in terms of the E, m ) states directly yield the probability amplitude for observing states E, m 0) in the distant future. 

Figure 6. A schematic representation of a modulated excitation wave form (solid line) and the time delayed modulated emission waveform (dashed line). The parameters Atp and AA represent the change in phase and the change in modulation amplitude of the two wave forms.

In all liquids studied until now, except some amides, Ps is found to have a spherical non-excited wave-function, with r) varying between about 0.6 and 0.9, going from the most to the least polar solvents, as shown in Table... 

---