Excavation rescue

This work demonstrated that AAR could give reasonable dates from smaller samples of bone than were necessary for radiocarbon, and had a time depth of at least 70 000 years, and possibly more if one of the more slowly racemizing amino acids such as alanine was used. The key paper came in 1974 (Bada et al., 1974), which published dates of between 6000 and 48 000 BP for various samples of human bone from the Californian coast (Table 8.1). The SDM (San Diego Museum) samples from site W-2 were from a shell midden near La Jolla excavated in 1926. Subsequently, it appears that 19 individual burials were recovered in a rescue operation from this site, known as La Jolla Shores SDM-16755 is thought to refer to more than one individual (La Jolla Shores I and II), with a third (La Jolla Shores III) identified as SDM-16740 (Taylor et al., 1985 Table 8.1). Site W-34 was located between Del Mar and Solano Beach, from a shell midden which had been largely destroyed by coastal... 

A permits committee was formed and met regularly to draft critical safety permits. New hot work, confined space, general permit to work, and excavation permits were written, approved, and introduced. A special squad of employees was formed into an at-height rescue team able to rescue someone suspended from a safety harness at height, and they were trained and equipped. A special three-story scaffold was erected as a permanent training structure for the team. This team was formed as a result of anployees concerns when working at heights. 

Specific excavation requirements—to include surface hazards, underground utilities, getting in and out of the excavation, traffic hazards, hazardous atmospheres, emergency rescue, inspections, and fall protection. 

Concrete Masonry Construction — General Requirements Excavations — Citations — Inspection, PPE, Egress Fall Protection — Fall Rescue... 

Employees must monitor for hazardous atmospheres to prevent the possible exposure to harmful levels and atmospheric contaminants. If oxygen levels are less than 19.5 percent the atmosphere must be tested before employees can enter. Oxygen-deficiency exposure precautions should include proper ventilation, respiratory protection, and mandatory testing. If hazards arise while employees are present in the excavation, emergency rescue equipment such as a breathing apparatus, safety harnesses, and stretchers should be readily accessible. 

Emergency rescue equipment, (i) Emergency rescue equipment, such as breathing apparatus, a safety harness and iine, or a basket stretcher, shaii be readiiy avaiiabie where hazardous atmospheric conditions exist or may reasonabiy be expected to deveiop during work in an excavation. This equipment shaii be attended when in use. 

A. Emergency rescue equipment is required to be readily available where a competent person determines, based on the conditions at each jobsite, that hazardous atmospheric conditions exist or may reasonably be expected to develop during work in an excavation. In regard to whether a contractor can rely on a local rescue squad instead of providing the rescue equipment, please be advised that many emergency situations associated with the hazards involved with hazardous atmospheres in trenches would normally require an immediate response within a few minutes or even seconds. A rescue squad would be unable to provide the necessary response and therefore could not be used to comply with 1926.651(g)(2). 

Access to the excavation is normally provided using strong ladders but consideration must be given to the means of rescue, perhaps using a winch or tripod, for an injured worker who is unable to use a ladder. 

DC Smith, S Robin, Early-Roman Empire intaglios from rescue excavations in Paris An application of the Raman microprobe to the non-destructive characterisation of archaeological objects. J Raman Spectrosc 28(2 3) 189-193, 1997. 

Is there rescue equipment on site and accessible to the excavation area ... 

Alerting rescue teams to the location of the excavation or trench when possible. 

Many cranes are available covering most working areas of the site. Rescue boxes big enough to accommodate a man on a stretcher and an at- S tendant are designed to enable injured persons to be lifted out of deep excavations, or from steelwork by specified cranes. When a crane is so designated removal must be notified to the safety officer. 

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