Evolving interpretation

EVOLVING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE ROLE OF THE PFC IN WORKING MEMORY THE YERKES-DODSON PRINCIPLE... 

Garnet-facies samples. Samples of peridotite brought to the surface by kimberlites may contain phlogopite, edenite-pargasite, or a potassium richterite. Numerous studies on African examples, beginning with reports at the First International Kimberlite Conference in 1973, have extensively documented that primary hydrous phases are present and represent phases stable in the mantle prior to entrainment in the kimberlite. Papers that document the evolving interpretation of the micas, for example, include Carswell (1975) and Delaney et al. (1980). 

Heart Failure The Evolving Interpretative Model of Its Progression... 

In words, equation (Al.6.89) is saying that the second-order wavefunction is obtained by propagating the initial wavefunction on the ground-state surface until time t", at which time it is excited up to the excited state, upon which it evolves until it is returned to the ground state at time t, where it propagates until time t. NRT stands for non-resonant tenn it is obtained by and cOj -f-> -cOg, and its physical interpretation is... 

Both MD and MC teclmiques evolve a finite-sized molecular configuration forward in time, in a step-by-step fashion. (In this context, MC simulation time has to be interpreted liberally, but there is a broad coimection between real time and simulation time (see [1, chapter 2]).) Connnon features of MD and MC simulation teclmiques are that there are limits on the typical timescales and length scales that can be investigated. The consequences of finite size must be considered both in specifying the molecular mteractions, and in analysing the results. 

Many organizations that have evolved over a long period of time come to believe that the system of safety rules that they have developed is invulnerable to human error. The existence of a "rule book" culture can produce a complacent attitude which assumes that if the rules are followed then accidents are impossible. This is based on the belief that a rigid set of rules will cover every contingency and that interpretation by individuals to cover imanticipated situations will never be required. Of course, all rules will at some time require such interpretation, and the need for this should be accepted and built into the system. 

At first sight, self-organization appears to violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which asserts that the entropy S of an isolated system never decreases (or, more formally, > 0) see figure 11.2-a. Since entropy is essentially a measure of the degree of disorder in a system, the Second Law is usually interpreted to mean that an isolated system will become increasingly more disordered with time. How, then, can structure emerge after a system has had a chance to evolve ... 

Such systems have the experimental advantage that kinetic data may be obtained by gravimetric or evolved gas pressure measurements. However, these data must be interpreted with care, since gas release is not necessarily concurrent with the solid—solid interaction but may, in principle, be a distinct rate process under independent kinetic control and occur either before or after reaction between the solids. Possible mechanisms to be considered, therefore, include the following. 

Formal verification that this result actually satisfies Equation (14.13) is an exercise in partial differentiation, but a physical interpretation will confirm its validity. Consider a small group of molecules that are in the reactor at position z at time t. They entered the reactor at time i = t — (zju) and had initial composition a t, z) = ai (t ) = ai (t — z/u). Their composition has subsequently evolved according to batch reaction kinetics as indicated by the right-hand side of Equation (14.14). Molecules leaving the reactor at time t entered it at time t — t. Thus,... 

On a still shorter timescale, Sigmarsson (1996) used Pb- Ra disequilibria in Surtsey and Heimaey (Iceland) lavas to infer the differentiation time from the Surtsey alkali basalt erupted in 1963-1967 to the Heimaey hawaiites and mugearites (1973 eruption). The ( Pb/ Ra) ratios increase from the basalts to the evolved lavas, which can be explained by a closed system differentiation of about 10 years, a value similar to the time elapsed between the two eruptions. Thus, the Heimaey eruption is interpreted as a consequence of the injection in the crust of a small volume of basaltic magma, 10 years before eruption, a duration long enough to allow its differentiation towards hawaiite and mugearite compositions. 

Because of the difficulty in explaining the observed U-series excesses by time-independent models, interpretations of how disequilibria are created have evolved into models based on residence times. In these models, a melt phase coexists with the solid mantle but moves relative to it due to a driving force, most typically buoyancy. The physical situation under ridges can be referred to as two-phase flow because both the solid and the liquid flow. McKenzie (1984) and Scott and Stevenson (1984, 1986) derived the equations describing flow in a viscously deforming porous media. McKenzie... 

General considerations of data availability lead immediately to the recognition that detection systems are more likely to be designed as comprehensive numeric-symbolic interpreters as illustrated in Fig. 3. State description systems may be configured as shown in either Fig. 3 or Fig. 4. Fault classification systems are most likely to require the symbolic-symbolic mapping to compensate for limited data as shown in Fig. 4. Many practical data interpretation problems involve all three kinds of interpreters. In all situations, there is a clear need for interpretation systems to adapt to and evolve with changing process conditions and ever-increasing experience. 

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