Evolutionary operators

Spendley W, Next G R and Himsworth F R 1962 Sequential application of simplex designs in optimization and evolutionary operation Technometrics 4 441... 

The techniques most widely used for optimization may be divided into two general categories one in which experimentation continues as the optimization study proceeds, and another in which the experimentation is completed before the optimization takes place. The first type is represented by evolutionary operations and the simplex method, and the second by the more classic mathematical and search methods. (Each of these is discussed in Sec. V.)... 

One of the most widely used methods of experimental optimization in fields other than pharmaceutical technology is the evolutionary operation (EVOP). This technique is especially well suited to a production situation. The basic philosophy is that the production... 

Spendley, W., Hext, G.R., Hemsworth, F.M. Sequential Application of Simplex Design in Optimization and Evolutionary Operation, Technometrics, Njv. 1962, p. 441. 

Carpenter, B.H., Sweeney, H.C. Process Improvement with Simplex Self Directing Evolutionary Operation, Chemical Engineering, July 5, 1965, P- D7. 

Box GEP (1957) Evolutionary operation a method for increasing industrial productivity. Appl Statist 6 81... 

A method to represent potential solutions to a problem as individuals that can be manipulated by evolutionary operators. 

In common with most other AI algorithms, the GA contains several variables whose values are chosen at the start of a run. Decisions must also be made about how to implement the evolutionary operators within the algorithm because there may be more than one way in which the operators can be used. We shall deal with the permissible values of these parameters and the factors that help us to choose among the evolutionary operators as they are introduced. 

In any genetic algorithm application, the physical problem must be translated into a form suitable for manipulation by the evolutionary operators. Choice of coding is an important part of this process. 

The terminals These correspond to the inputs that the program will need. Even though each candidate program will be manipulated by the evolutionary operators, if we know in advance that pieces of input data are certain to be required for any GP-generated program to function correctly, we must at least ensure that the program has access to them. 

Spendley, W. G. R. Hext and F. R. Himsworth. Sequential Application of Simplex Designs in Optimization and Evolutionary Operations. Technometrics 4 441-461 (1962). 

At the heart of the GA are evolutionary operators These are a survival of the fittest operator, and a pair of modification operators whose role is to create new strings. To apply the first of these operators, the fitter members of the starting population are selected preferentially as parents for the next generation. This, of course, requires that we know what is meant by, and can calculate, the fitness of each string. 

Box, G.E.P. (1957), Evolutionary Operation A Method for Increasing Industrial Productivity, Applied Statistics, 6, 81—101. 

Hahn, G.J. (1976b), Process Improvement Using Evolutionary Operation, CHEMTECH, 6, 204-206. 

Already in 1955, Box mentioned that an evolutionary operation (EVOP) type method could be made automatic. Although the Simplex method has been critisized at many occasions, because it cannot handle situations with multiple optima or with excessive noise, its unique suitability for unattended and automatic optimization of analytical systems, explains the great effort by Chemometricians to make the method work. 

Science-Based Regulatory Flexibility for Continuous Improvements The concept of continuous improvement has a long history and a well founded structure and format as exemplified by the Evolutionary Operations or EVOP (5) and the Kizen principles. Kizen (Ky zen) is a Japanese word introduced in the West (Hate 70 s) and translated as Continuous Improvement —slow, incremental, but constant. 

Box G, Draper NR. Evolutionary Operation A Statistical Method for Process... 

A handbook of practical statistics would not be complete without at least a mention of evolutionary operation (EVOP). Although strictly speaking evolutionary operation is a method for operating plant processes, and perhaps less applicable to chemical research, a research worker may never know when he will be called upon to help the production department out of a tight spot. 

Evolutionary operation is a system for obtaining information on a going process, which will permit stepwise improvement of the process without risking a serious deviation from standard operating conditions. The method consists in observing a property or properties of the material such as quality, yield, etc, as a function of two or more operating variables. 

Error, 4,5,6,7 Error of first kind, 14 Error of second kind, 14 Error, Measurement of, 7,8 Evolutionary operation, 64 Experimental designs, 48—63 central composite designs, 52,53,54... 

Box, G.EP., and Draper, N.R. (1969). Evolutionary Operation. A Statistical Method for Process Improvement. Wiley, New York. 

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