Event-related potential latencies

The correspondence between reaction time data (ET, linEN) and event-related potentials (latencies) in the a22y pathways of healthy... 

The procedure can be applied to these programs which calculate the elementary time from event-related potentials (latencies). If one uses test latencies which are multiples of 14ms, the program ERPET finds this artificial elementary time from the artificial latencies and produces the figure below. 

P300, one of the cognitive event-related potentials of the cerebral cortex may serve as a marker for measuring the course of Alzheimer s disease during treatment with donepezil. There was reduced P300 latency associated with parallel improvement of ADAS-J Cog scores after administration of donepezil 5 mg/kg in 13 patients with Alzheimer s disease (8 women and 5 men, aged 70-88 year) (90). 

Katayama, S., Hirata, K., Tanaka, H. et al., 1995. Efficacy of transdermal nicotine in dementia a study using event-related potentials and a middle latency response. In Brain Imaging of Nicotine and Tobacco Smoking. NPP Books, Ann Arbor, pp. 289-302. 

The latencies of event-related potentials prove that the elementary time is no mean value but is used throughout the pathway as a basic component. The elementary time may be explained as the time between two neurons. The elementary time is named in many other ways in the literature. For example, the interhemispheric time is the time which is needed to cross the corpus callosum. Kosslyn et al. (1999) give a value of 15ms. 

In the case of constant (maximal) linEN, the border between linEN and cycEN should be visible in event-related potentials. One should find a correlation First peak in the distribution <-> distinct latency in ERP... 

The probability that the task set activates the stimulus element when the target stimulus arrives is Unumber of task elements. The cases which are not minimal may vary up to several searching cycles. More variation comes from the length of the linear pathway (linEN). The minimal length of the linear pathway (minlinEN) which was used to formulate the equations of the median pathway is considered as the most frequent linear time. This prominence of minlinEN is proven by the latency tables of the event-related potentials. 

Fig. 182. Results of the program ERPET which computes the elementary time from latencies of an event-related potential when fed with artificial latencies produced by multplicating an artificial elementary time with integer numbers...

The records of the event-related potentials are distorted by a 50 Hz artifact in some subjects. Thus one has to expect artificial latencies caused by the 50 Hz artifact as the results of ERPET prove. These 50Hz latencies can falsify the break in the latency tables. 

All evidence points to TSEs as a family of related diseases caused by the same homologous prion protein in all species (see reviews by Brown, 2005 Soto, 2006 Watts et al., 2006). Some comfort can be taken that the sporadic occurrences of TSEs are rare in all species and in human populations however, it is equally clear from recent events that a persistent threat of epidemics of TSEs exists. Such epidemics have potentially enormous consequences, such as the economically catastrophic epidemic of mad cow disease in the United Kingdom. Thus far, there is no early diagnosis during the long period of latency, although current research is demonstrating the possible presence of infectious prion protein in tissues at some time before clinical symptoms appear. 

Chapter 10—Sick Occupational Illnesses—Occupational illnesses often do not occur in real time, but have a latency period before their manifestation. When illnesses arise where symptoms occur immediately, the acute results can often follow a cause scenario similar to that of an injury. But, when exposures to chemicals, radiation, noise, biological entities, or environmental extremes transpire, effects are often not immediate. The approach to prevention has to be addressed before the event. In this chapter, illnesses and their preventive approaches will be addressed by following a normal industrial hygiene approach to head off possible occupationally related illnesses. The emphasis is on identifying the potential hazards to health and how to best preclude them or protect your workforce from exposure. 

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