Eutrophication of lakes

Phosphate legislation. Environmental concern over the eutrophication of lakes prompted the advent of phosphate restrictions for laundry products. These restrictions were initially legislated in areas of high population density. They have since expanded to cover 40% of the U.S. population [2]. As more states and cities enacted phosphate restrictions, laundry formu-... 

Schachtman DP, Reid RJ, Ayling SM (1998) Phosphorus uptake by plants from soil to cell. Plant Physiol 116 447-453. doi http //www.plantphysiol.org Schindler DW (1974) Eutrophication and recovery in experimental lakes implications for lake management. Science 184 897-899. doi http //www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/184/4139/897 Schindler DW, Hecky RE, Findlay DL, Stainton MP, Parker BR, Paterson MJ, Beaty KG, Lyng M, Kasian SEM (2008) Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 11254-11258. doi http //www.pnas.org/content/105/32/l 1254.abstract Scott JT, Condron LM (2003) Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system. Biol Fert Soils 39 65-73 Shane MW, Lambers H (2005) Cluster roots a curiosity in context. Plant Soil 274 101-125. doi http //dx.doi.org/10.1007/s 11104-004-2725-7... 

STPP is used primarily as a builder for detergents, including dishwashing detergents (45%) and industrial and institutional detergents (31%). It also has food uses (13%). Up to 1988 it was in the top 50 chemicals because of its powerful ability to sequester dipositive ions in hard water, but it causes eutrophication of lakes and has been replaced in most detergents by other compounds. 

It is also necessary to treat noncarbon-based pollutants. We mentioned nitrogen and phosphorus as possible targets for biological remediation. Nitrogen is present in wastewater streams as ammonia. Conventional methods convert the ammonia to nitrate. Under normal circumstances, the conversion is sufficient. However, excessive amounts of nitrates contribute to the eutrophication of lakes and ponds. In these cases, a second class of organism is used to convert the nitrates to nitrogen gas. 

Malley, D. F. Chang, P. S. S. Schindler, D. W. Decline of Zooplankton Populations following Eutrophication of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario 1969-1974 Dept. Fisheries Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1977. 

Vollenweider, R.A. (1968) Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and flowing waters, with particular reference to nitrogen and phosphate as factor in eutrophication. OECD, Paris, Tech. Report DAS/SCI/68.27. 

Hollenberg, J. L. Stephens, E. R. Pitts, J. N., Jr. Demonstrating the Chemistry of Air Pollution, J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 893-894. Horan, J. H. Wildeman, T. R. Ernst, R. Acid Mine Drainage Laboratory Experiments, 214th Am. Chem. Soc. Nat. Meet., Chem. Ed. Division Paper 005. Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 7-11, 1997. Howe, A. C. Cizmas, L. Bereman, R. Eutrophication of Lake Wingra A Chemistry-Based Environmental Science Module, J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 924-926. 

Howe, A. C. Cizmas, L. Bereman, R. Eutrophication of Lake Wingra A Chemistry-Based Environmen-... 

Because most of the immediate drainage basin is composed of highly erodible sedimentary soils, it is believed that the eutrophication of Lake Erie... 

Davis C. C. (1964) Evidence for the eutrophication of Lake Erie from phytoplankton records. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9, 275 -283. 

Ryding S.-O. and Rast W. (1989) The Control of Eutrophication of Lakes and Reservoirs. UNESCO, Paris. 

The result will often be the eutrophication of lakes and coastal waters [238]. The area of phosphate sensors, including both chemical and biosensors, has been reviewed in 1998 by Engblom [239]. Phosphate biosensors have been reviewed by Amine and Palleschi [240]. 

From the Chapter Resources menu, choose Web Works. Locate the Chapter 16 section, and click on the link to the executive summary of the Lake Champlain Basin Agricultural Watersheds Project. The report summarizes a project to improve water quality in Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York. Based on your reading of the report, what appears to be the primary general cause of the eutrophication of Lake Champlain What types of industry are the sources of the pollution What measures have been taken to reduce the pollution Briefly describe the experimental design to determine whether these measures have been effective. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TPCN) determinations were one of the quantities measured in this study name three others. Explain how TKN provides a measure of pollution in the lake. Based on the TKN measurements and other data in the report, have the pollution abatement measures been effective What are the final recommendations of the report ... 

Eutrophication potential (EP) [24,48,49] Eutrophication of lakes, rivers and soil P and N compounds... 

The pesticide can enter the ground with rains. It can remain intact or be degraded to metabolites that may or may not be toxic. Rain can also carry some of it into the nearest lake or river.56 Fertilizers can be moved in the same way. They can cause eutrophication of lakes and rivers. Ground-water contamination57 by farm or ranch runoff has been reported in 44 states in the United States.58 Half of the wells for drinking water in the United States contain nitrates. (Nitrates can come from fertilizers or animal wastes. In sufficient amounts, they can cause depletion of oxygen in the... 

Phosphate is generally considered to be the main cause of excessive algal growth, which can lead to eutrophication of lakes and streams. Where necessary, it is usually removed, at neutral pH levels, to below 1 mg/1 (as P) by treatment with ferric salts, or alum/sodium aluminate, which respectively precipitate ferric and aluminium phosphates. 

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