Etiological drugs

The drugs acting directly on the causal agent of the disease are called etiological drugs and represent true medicaments. Presently most of them belong to the class of... 

Amylin [106602-62-4] (75) (Fig. 4) is a 37-amino acid peptide having approximately 46% sequence similarity to CGRP (33). Amylin is present ia pancreatic P-ceUs along with insulin. It may function as a hormone ia glucoregulation and has been proposed as an etiologic factor ia certain forms of diabetes. Amylin is also present ia dorsal root ganglia (see INSULIN AND OTHER ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS). 

ETIOLOGY OF DRUG ABUSE IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION. Coryl LaRue Jones, Ph.D., and Robert J. Battjes, D.S.W.,... 

Etiology probably multifactorial (i.e., hypersensitivity reactions, pharmacological action of the drug and/or metabolites, infusion-related, altered thermoregulation, idiosyncratic)... 

The current values for ruling out a cardiac etiology for dyspnea are a BNP less than 100 pg/mL (100 ng/L) or an NT-proBNP less than 300 pg/mL (300 ng/L or 35.4 pmol/L). BNP measurements require cautious interpretation, as numerous conditions can also elevate BNP concentrations. These include older age, renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, and chronic pulmonary disease. Nesiritide, a recombinant BNP drug, has an identical structure to native BNP and will interfere with the commercial BNP assay, resulting in a falsely elevated level. Therefore, blood for BNP determination should be obtained 2 hours after the end of a nesiritide infusion, or alternatively the NT-proBNP assay should be utilized. 

If unknown, investigate the patient s underlying etiology of HF. Verify that comorbidities that lead to or worsen HF are optimally managed with appropriate drug therapy. 

Sick sinus syndrome leading to sinus bradycardia may be caused by degenerative changes in the sinus node that occur with advancing age. However, there are other possible etiologies of sinus bradycardia, including drugs (Table 6-2).13... 

Treatment of sinus bradycardia is only necessary in patients who become symptomatic. If the patient is taking any med-ication(s) that may cause sinus bradycardia, the drug(s) should be discontinued whenever possible. If the patient remains in sinus bradycardia after discontinuation of the drug(s) and after five half-lives of the drug(s) have elapsed, then the drugs(s) can usually be excluded as the etiology of the arrhythmia. In certain circumstances, however, discontinuation of the medication(s) may be undesirable, even if it may be the cause of symptomatic sinus bradycardia. For example, if the patient has a history of myocardial infarction or HF, discontinuation of a (3-blocker is undesirable, because (3-blockers have been shown to reduce mortality and prolong life in patients with those diseases, and the benefits of therapy with... 

The precise etiology of bipolar disorder is unknown. Thought to be genetically based, bipolar disorder is influenced by a variety of factors that may enhance gene expression. These include trauma, environmental factors, anatomic abnormalities, exposure to chemicals or drugs, and others.3-5 Neurochemical abnormalities in bipolar disorder may be caused by these factors, as discussed further in the pathophysiology section. 

Causes of adrenal insufficiency, including drug-induced etiologies. 

Etiologic microorganisms vary according to the area involved, host factors, and exposures. In otherwise healthy adults, S. aureus and GAS are the most common causative bacteria. GAS is the causative pathogen in approximatey 65% of erysipelas cases.9 0Persons who are immunocompromised, have vascular insufficiency, or use injection drugs are at risk for polymicrobial cellulitis.3... 

---