Ethylene monoesters

Glycol diacrylates ethylene glycol (monoester) C5H8O3 [818-61-1] 40 0.001 1.4482 (25°C) ... 

Diols, such as ethylene glycol, are usually not added during the alcoholysis step because their monoesters have only one remaining hydroxyl group, and would function as chain stoppers, thus severely limiting their utihty in the stmcture design of the resin molecules. 

Some substituted alkyl hydrogen sulfates are readily prepared. Eor example, 2-chloroethyl hydrogen sulfate [36168-93-1] is obtained by treating ethylene chlorohydrin with sulfuhc acid or amidosulfuhc acid. Heating hydroxy sulfates of amino alcohols produces the corresponding sulfuhc monoester... 

Typical commercial ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters are yellow Hquids, except tristearates and the 4- and 5-mol ethylene oxide adducts which are light tan soHds. These adducts, as well as the 20-mol adducts of the triesters, are insoluble but dispersible in water. The monoester 20-mol adducts are water soluble. Ethoxylated sorbitan esters are widely used as emulsifiers, antistatic agents, softeners, fiber lubricants, and solubilizers. In combination with the unethoxylated sorbitan esters or with mono- or diglycetides, these are often used as co-emulsrfiers. The ethoxylated sorbitan esters are produced by beating sorbitan esters with ethylene oxide at 130—170°C in the presence of alkaline catalysts. 

Monoester salts of phosphoric acid derived from fatty alcohol ethylene oxide adduct or alkylphenol ethylene oxide adduct useful as surfactants are prepared by addition of R(OCH2CH2) OH, alkali fluoride and (C12P0)20 in a molar ratio of 0.9-1.5 0.05-1 1.0 at -50 to + 10°C and hydrolysis of the Cl-containing intermediates with a base. The monoester phosphates showed comparable or better washing and foaming efficiency than commercial products [12]. 

On the other hand, phosphorous acid monoesters of lower alcohols easily undergo transesterification [75]. A preferred starting material is the triester of ethylene chlorohydrin, obtained by reaction of phosphorus trichloride with ethylene oxide, according to Eq. (28). 

Whereas the alcohol and phenol derivatives are characterised by ether linkages, adducts of ethylene oxide with fatty acids give rise to both monoesters (9.45) and diesters. These are... 

Alkyl esters Polyhydric alcohol esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid octadecyl 12-hydroxstearate ethylene glycol monoester Paracin 1 Baker Castor Oil Co... 

The lactose esters and their ethyoxylated (prepared by treatment with ethylene oxide) derivatives possessed surfactant properties comparable to those shown by analogous sucrose derivatives. The best detergency properties were shown by the lower fatty acid monoesters of lactose. The comparable lactitol esters were slightly better detergents than the lactose esters no improvement was brought about in either case by the ethylene oxide adducts. The esters of both lactose and lactitol are readily biodegradable. 

In conclusion of the present section, attention may he directed to two other strong mineral acids that have been condensed with ethylene oxides nitric acid and perchloric acid. These reagents, provided they are ueed as cold dilute aqueous solutions to avoid oxidative reactions, give 1,2-diol monoesters. 

The estimation of the aqueous solubility at rmin and at other temperatures requires data on the enthalpy and the heat capacity of the solution. These properties are themselves temperature dependent and have been systematically studied for various sets of compounds such as hydrocarbons [58,59], 1-alkanols [60], alkoxyethanols, and 1,2-dialkoxyethanes [61], carboxylic acids, amines, and N-substituted amides [62], monoesters, ethylene glycol diesters, glycerol triesters [63], and crown ethers [64], Additive schemes for the estimation of aqueous solution heat capacities have been evaluated [65,66],... 

An unprecedented halodephosphorylation of o ,/3-acetylenic and a,/3-ethylenic phos-phonic acid monoesters (27) and (29) with (biscollidine)bromine(I) or (biscollidine) iodine(I) hexafluorophosphate, leading to alkynyl (28) and vinyl halides (30), respectively, has been reported.42... 

Optically active phosphine monoester 69 was prepared as a stable transition state analogue of the hydrolysis of 70, and used as a template (Scheme 13.17) [52], When heated in the presence of amidine 72, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and AIBN, polymerization took place and offered the polymer 73, in which the template 69 is attached to the binding sites by a combination of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. After washing in the presence of MeOH and aqueous NaOH, the template was removed from the cavity, thus leading to a catalytically active MIP. 

These are usually prepared by direct esterification of the ethylene glycol with whichever fatty acid is required. Equimolar concentrations yield a mixture of mono and diesters and the reaction is usually carried out at 170-200°C. A multitude of base and acid catalysts can be used but, generally, sodium hydroxide or a metallic soap is used commercially. To obtain a high monoester content a 3-mol excess of glycol to fatty acid will give up to 70% yields of monoester. 

Two possible trioxo intermediates have been mentioned [0s03(0H)3 0(CH2)20H ]2, from reaction of ethylene glycol with 0s04 in base,602 and 0s03(02R), thought to be formed when monoesters 0s204(02R)2 are oxidized with H202.528... 

STEARIC ACID, CADMIUM SALT see OATOOO STEARIC ACID, LEAD SALT see LDXOOO STEARIC ACID, LITHIUM SALT see LHQIOO STEARIC ACID, MONOESTER with ETHYLENE GLYCOL see EJM500... 

The PhEur 2005 describes ethylene glycol palmitostearate as a mixture of ethylene glycol monoesters and diesters of stearic and palmitic acids, produced from the condensation of ethylene glycol and stearic acid 50, of vegetable or animal origin. 

The PhEur 2005 describes macrogol 15 hydroxystearate as a mixture of mainly monoesters and diesters of 12-hydroxystea-ric acid and macrogols obtained by the ethoxylation of 12-hydroxystearic acid. The number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted per mole of 12-hydroxystearic acid is 15 (nominal value). It contains about 30% free macrogols. 

Phosphorylation of alcohols and amines forming mixed esters of phosphoric acid and phosphorami-dates, respectively, is effected by triphenylphosphine and 2,2 -dipyridyl disulfide. The reaction passes through a triphenylphosphonium phosphate of type (68 equation 44) as an active intermediate. Formation of an intemucleotide linkage can be achieved by this method. °° Dimerization of monoesters of phosphoric acid producing dialkyl pyrophosphates is achieved using tributylphosphine and dibenzoyl-ethylene or p-quinonedibenzimide (equation 45). A phosphonium phosphate is the active intermediate of this reaction. ... 

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