Ethylene glycol as solvent

Microwave irradiation of a reaction mixture containing aromatic nitriles, hydrazine hydrate, hydrazine dihydrochloride, and ethylene glycol as solvent in a one-pot process gave 3,5-disubstituted 4-amino-l,2,4-triazoles 98a-i in excellent yields (Equation 35 and Table 14) <2000TL1539>. 

Carbonyl groups can be transformed into amines via formation of their hydrazones followed by transfer hydrogenation. Thus the benzoyl formate shown in Scheme 4.35 was converted into the phenylhydrazone under microwave irradiation in ethylene glycol as solvent. Subsequent reduction using ammonium formate and 10% Pd/C as a catalyst provides the amine in an overall reaction time of 10 min and a total yield of 83%.14... 

Sauvagnat, B., Lamaty, F., Lazaro, R. and Martinez, J., Poly(ethylene glycol) as solvent and polymer support in the microwave assisted parallel synthesis of aminoacid derivatives, Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41, 6371. 

One disturbing factor about this research is the extensive use of H bonding materials (water, dioxane, diethyl ether, benzene, ethanol, acetone, aniline, and ethylene glycol) as solvents, with occasional use... 

A chain-shape polyamine and ethylene glycol system favors the formation of layered aluminophosphates with an Al/P ratio of 3/4. For instance, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine combining with ethylene glycol solvent lead to the formation of layered aluminophosphates with an AFP ratio of 3/4 (see Table 3.9). Therefore, it is expected that using tetraethylenepentamine as template and ethylene glycol as solvent will result in the crystallization of a layered aluminophosphate with an AFP ratio of 3/4. Guided by this prediction, we did... 

Alkylation. A modification descnht via alkylation of the A-diphenylmethylci (ethylene glycol) as solvent, promotion b i onto a polymer support (PEG ester). 

PtSn/C electrocatalysts with R Sn atomic ratios of 50 50 and 90 10 were prepared by alcohol-reduction process, using ethylene glycol as solvent and reducing agent, and by borohydride reduction. The electrocatalysts were characterized by EDX, XRD and cyclic voltammetry. The electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by cyclic voltammetry using the thin porous coating technique. The electrocatalysts performance depends greatly on preparation procedures and R Sn atomic ratios. 

The precursors are syntliesized by a sol-gel process. This metliod that was developed and accorded to Baythoun et al. [16], consists in dissolving, gelating, drying and activation steps. The salts are dissolved, in either water (hereafter first method), or ethylene glycol as solvent (second metliod) with citric acid. 

This rearrangement is the basis of the Bamford-Stevens reaction, in which the tosylhydrazone of an aliphatic ketone is converted into an alkene by the action of strong base, such as the sodium salt of ethylene glycol in ethylene glycol as solvent. The extent to which any particular carbene exhibits these reactions depends on its structure and electronic state (Scheme 5.66). 

The schematic phase diagram based on the contact preparation of C50 and ethylene glycol is shown in Fig. 5.8. Similar to the schematic phase diagram with water, a N phase and two columnar phases appear at low solvent concentrations. The most stable phase in the phase diagram is again the lamellar L phase. No lyo-SmC phase was found with ethylene glycol as solvent. 

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