Ethyl-phenol Fatty acids

C12 to C20, primarily Ci6 to ( is), used as surface lubricants in the manufacture of food-contact articles. The method, which uses ethyl palmitate (Eastman Chemicals No. 1575 Red Label) as an internal standard, has been validated at 200 ppm total FAME [185]. Other FAME standards (methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) are available (Applied Science Laboratories) [116], Worked out examples of additive determinations are given in the Food Additives Analytical Manual [116], which also describes a great many of indirect food additives, such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, l-chloro-2-propanol, DLTDP, fatty acid methyl esters, w-heptyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-gallate, sodium benzoate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sorbitol and phenolic antioxidants. EPA methods 606 and 8060 describe the CGC separation of phthalate esters (direct injection) (cf. Figure 4.2). 

Oil-containing adhesives might emit fatty acid oxidation products like saturated and unsaturated aldehydes which can contribute to odor (Wilke, Jann and Brodner, 2004). Adhesives on a phenol resin base have been found responsible for odor annoyance in several office buildings in former East Berlin. Alkyl-substituted phenols, methyl, dimethyl and ethyl phenols, some of which have very low odor thresholds, have been detected in indoor air as well as in different floor samples and were most likely responsible for the off-odor (Kirchner and Pernak, 2004). 

Lithium chloride is soluble in many organic solvents 1 among them are alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, higher alcohols, and glycerol aldehydes and ketones, such as acetaldehyde, paraldehyde, and acetone fatty acids, such as formic acid and acetic acid nitriles, such as acetonitrile and propionitrile phenol and bases, such as pyridine. Solution is sometimes accompanied by evolution of heat and formation of compounds, examples of those isolated 2 being... 

Soaps and detergents are surfactants used in cleaning.260 Soaps are salts of fatty acids (e.g., sodium stearate). Detergents are salts of sulfonic acids, quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary amine oxides, ethylene oxide adducts of alcohols, and phenols.261 Their use in cleaning to replace chlorinated solvents262 was covered in Chap. 3, Sec. VII. (See also the use of hydrogen peroxide,263 ethyl lactate,264 and ultrasound265 to clean process equipment.) Some other environmental aspects of their use will be covered here briefly. 

Esters constituted the largest family and included acetates (ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, butyl, isoamyl, and phenethyl), ethyl esters of fatty acids (propanoate, isobutanoate, butanoate, hexanoate, octanoate, 3-hydroxybutanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoate and furcate), ethyl esters of organic acids (pyruvate, lactate, ethyl myristate, diethyl malate and, mono- and diethyl succinate) and various other esters, such as methyl butanoate, isobutyl lactate and phenylethyl octanoate. The acids quantified included isobutanoic, butanoic, hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, lauiic and 3-methylbutanoic. The lactones included y-butyrolactone, pantolactone, y-decalactone and E- and Z-oak lactone and the terpenes included neral d-terpineol, P-dtronellol and Z-nerolidol. The aldehyde family comprised acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, furfural, 5-methylfurfural and octanal, and the phenol family included eugenol, 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. Finally, 1,1-diethoxyethane, acetoin, sotolon, 2, 3-butanedione, p-cymene and methionol were also determined. 

Dibutyl phthalate cyclohexanone, phthalide 2-Ethyl-1 -hexanol 2,6-Di-rert-butyl-p-cresol Phthalates, fatty acids, phenols, siloxanes, acrylates, aliphatics, amides°... 

Unstable (transient) foams are frequently prepared from aqueous solutions of short-chain (low-molecular-weight) alcohols and fatty acids. The lifetimes of these foams range from several seconds to about 20 seconds. Mild surfactants, such as short-chain alcohols (ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, etc.), aniline, phenol, pine oil and short-chain undissociated fatty acids (formic, propionic, etc.) belong to this group of weak frothers. The lifetime t) of these unstable foam appears to be sensitive to the concentration of surfactant in solution and usually shows a maximum value at a critical concentration. 

Seligman R., Williams P., The inhibitory effects of water on the interaction of aluminium and the fatty acids, phenol, cresol, alpha and beta naphtols, methyl, ethyl, butyl, amyl and benzyl alcohols, Journal of Society Chemical Industry, vol. 37, 1918, p. 159 165. 

Fisher and Boles (1990) analyzed the dissolved organic matter in two formation water samples from the San Joaquin Basin by GC-MS analysis of combined acid, base, and neutral methylene chloride extracts. They identified various polar aliphatics (fatty acids to C9 with various methyl and ethyl substituents), cyclics (phenols and benzoic acids), and heterocyclics (quinolines). They were able to quantify, at the ppm or sub-ppm level, phenol, methyl-substituted phenols, and benzoic acid. 

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