Ethyl acetate, physical properties

Physical Properties. Furfuryl alcohol (2-furanmethanol) [98-00-0] is aHquid, colorless, primary alcohol with a mild odor. On exposure to air, it gradually darkens in color. Furfuryl alcohol is completely miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate, and most other organic solvents with the exception of paraffinic hydrocarbons. It is an exceUent, highly polar solvent, and dissolves many resins. 

Ben2onitri1e [100-47-0] C H CN, is a colorless Hquid with a characteristic almondlike odor. Its physical properties are Hsted in Table 10. It is miscible with acetone, ben2ene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene chloride, and other common organic solvents but is immiscible with water at ambient temperatures and soluble to ca 1 wt% at 100°C. It distills at atmospheric pressure without decomposition, but slowly discolors in the presence of light. 

Physical properties of glycerol are shown in Table 1. Glycerol is completely soluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and dioxane, and insoluble in hydrocarbons (1). Glycerol is seldom seen in the crystallised state because of its tendency to supercool and its pronounced freesing point depression when mixed with water. A mixture of 66.7% glycerol, 33.3% water forms a eutectic mixture with a freesing point of —46.5°C. 

In order to improve the physical properties of HDPE and LDPE, copolymers of ethylene and small amounts of other monomers such as higher olefins, ethyl acrylate, maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate, or acryUc acid are added to the polyethylene. Eor example, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), although linear, has a significant number of branches introduced by using comonomers such as 1-butene or 1-octene. The linearity provides strength, whereas branching provides toughness. 

The solvent used was 5 %v/v ethyl acetate in n-hexane at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Each solute was dissolved in the mobile phase at a concentration appropriate to its extinction coefficient. Each determination was carried out in triplicate and, if any individual measurement differed by more than 3% from either or both replicates, then further replicate samples were injected. All peaks were symmetrical (i.e., the asymmetry ratio was less than 1.1). The efficiency of each solute peak was taken as four times the square of the ratio of the retention time in seconds to the peak width in seconds measured at 0.6065 of the peak height. The diffusivities obtained for 69 different solutes are included with other physical and chromatographic properties in table 1. The diffusivity values are included here as they can be useful in many theoretical studies and there is a dearth of such data available in the literature (particularly for the type of solutes and solvents commonly used in LC separations). 

Data were obtained (Hovorka Kendall, Chem Eng Prog 56(8) 58, 1960) for the reaction between NaOH and ethyl acetate to form sodium acetate and ethanol in a tubular reactor 3.2 cm ID at 29.8 C in which the flow rate varied between 440 and 2072 cc/min.The feed consisted of 0.1 N solutions of NaOH and ethyl acetate. Assuming physical properties of water, the corresponding Reynolds numbers vary between 370 and 1720. Thus the flow is laminar. Analyze these data and then design (a) a batch reactor and (b) a CSTR for a feed rate of 100 liters/min and a conversion of 65%. 

This product was 88% pure based on recovery of an analytical sample from chromatography on silica gel 60 eluted with 30% ethyl acetate/hexanes. Physical properties and spectral data are as follows ... 

Extensive physical property data am available on methyl and ethyl acetate. Almost no experimental data arc reported on vinyl acetate. 

The most common method for the separation and concentration of flavor chemicals before chromatography is solvent extraction. If the aroma active components in a sample are less than a microgram/liter then solvent extraction followed by fractional distillation can be used to concentrate the analytes above 1 4g/liter. This is done for two reasons (1) to remove the odorants from some of the interfering substances and nonvolatiles, and (2) to concentrate the sample for greater sensitivity. The choice of solvent(s) depends on a number of issues, but similar results can be obtained with many solvents. Table Gl.1.2 lists a number of solvents, their polarity, and physical properties. Pentane is the least polar and ethyl acetate the most. The sample must be an aqueous or dilute sample, dissolved or slurried into water to a final concentration of 80% to 90% water. Dilute aqueous samples will present the greatest polarity difference between the solvent and the sample, driving more volatiles into the extracting solvent. 

Table 10.1 presents typical specifications for a polymerization-grade product, as well as some physical properties. Prohibited impurities refer to inhibitors (croton-aldehyde, vinyl acetylene), chain-transfer agents (acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetone) and polymerizable species (vinyl crotonate), while methyl and ethyl acetate impurities are tolerated. 

Via a plant hopper and honeybees, partly metabolized picrotoxanes from Coriaria spp. growing in New Zealand are found in toxic honey. The rather difficult isolation of picrotoxanes from honey has been described several times 2,3,10,99,100) and even now the procedure seems not entirely satisfactory (700). Originally, the isolation of picrotoxanes was achieved by extraction of honey with acetone. Later, ethyl acetate was the preferred solvent. In the late 1960s, the two main picrotoxanes were identified as tutin (11) and hyenanchin (15). Originally, the detection was governed by the physical properties of crystals obtained, color reactions, and bromoether formation. Palmer—Jones then developed a method... 

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