Ethical issues data collection

Human data are preferred for determining the potential health effects of exposure. However, human studies are often limited by ethical issues in collecting data and by their complexity in establishing exposure conditions and associated effects. Consequently, it is important to understand the various human study designs and their strengths and limitations (see chapter 6). 

Sorting out the ethical issues in relation to conducting research in disasters is a worthwhile starting point. Ownership of data can be an issue. If data are collected in a community that has just experienced a disaster, the data belongs to that community. They should have first call on the dissemination and implementation of findings. Just as in mainstream health care research where participants in the form of patient groups are heavily involved in research so too should be the case in disaster research. Nurses are in a prime position to develop this process whether they wish to use an action research approach or carry out projects that are immedi-... 

Concerns regarding confidentiality of patient information have heightened, particularly with the advent of human genetic research. There are also ethical issues that relate to accuracy of data collected and its security in a database, which relates to either technical proficiency in database management or the knowledge that a database manager needs to be part of the investigative team. 

The design of randomized clinical trials introduces ethical issues.Usually, study designs prevent the treatment from being modified because of the need to collect sufficient data to allow valid statistical inference. Ethically, clinicians are required to provide their patients with the best available treatment however, the justification for a randomized clinical trial is simply that the best treatment is not yet known. 

Develop Cultor s environmental database to better meet the needs of both the Group and divisions. Improve the reliability of the data collected through the database. Develop indicators for environmental, quality, regulatory, and ethical issues to measure performance and conduct a pilot study to test the suitability of the indicators chosen. Implement Cultor s new Quality and Environmental Poliqy in operations. 

Related fields of study fall under the umbrella of mass communication. Demographics, the collection of data that quantify an intended audience according to economic, political, ethnic, religious, professional, or educational factors, is an important consideration for many segments of mass media. There are also numerous legal, ethical, environmental, political, and regulatory issues to be dealt with that require specialized training. 

---