Ethene glycol

Transesterification is a crucial step in several industrial processes such as (i) production of higher acrylates from methylmethacrylate (for applications in resins and paints), (ii) polyethene terephthalate (PET) production from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethene glycol (in polyester manufacturing),... 

Ceria-based catalysts [219] and Ce02 Zr02 solid solution catalysts [220] have each been reported to be very efficient catalysts for the synthesis of EC and PC by reaction of C02 with ethene glycol and propene glycol, respectively. The catalytic activity has been shown to depend heavily on the composition and calcination temperature of the catalysts. 

The byproducts ethene glycol (EG) or propene glycol (PG) may be reacted with urea to produce again EC or PC, which is used as a starting material for the synthesis of DMC. The released ammonia can be recycled to produce urea by reaction with C02 (Scheme 7.13). 

The oxidation of glycols occurred preferentially at the secondary alcohol group. Thus, propene glycol and 2-phenyl-l,2-ethanediol afforded hydroxyacetone and P-hydroxyacetophenone, respectively, as the major product [115]. Ethene glycol... 

In a 25-mL round-bottom flask, equipped with an addition funnel and magnetic stirrer bar, was placed cyclohexene (10 mL). The flask was cooled to — 20 C in an ethene glycol/dry-ice slush bath, and then benzal bromide (0.50 mL, 0.75 g, 3.0 mmol, 1 equiv) was added. The solution was stirred and 1.6 M BuLi... 

Ethene glycol. Glycolic acid. Oxalic acid. 

The important pharmaceutical, (S)-Naproxen was obtained (240) with high yield and 96% enantioselectivity by hydrogenation of 2(6 -methoxy-2-naphtyl)acrylic acid (Scheme 44) with a supported liquid phase catalyst containing [Ru(BINAPTS)(C6H6)C1]C1 dissolved in ethene glycol film on a controlled-pore glass (CPG-240). The other organic phase was a 1 1 mixture of chloroform and... 

CH2C1 CH2C1. Colourless liquid with an odour like that of chloroform b.p. 84 C. It is an excellent solvent for fats and waxes. Was first known as oil of Dutch chemists . Manufactured by the vapour- or liquid-phase reaction of ethene and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst. It reacts with anhydrous ethano-ales to give ethylene glycol diethanoate and with ammonia to give elhylenediamine, these reactions being employed for the manufacture of these chemicals. It burns only with difficulty and is not decomposed by boiling water. 

Ethane linkages, 407 Ethene linkages, 407 Ethylene adipates, 212 Ethylene-CO copolymer, 460 Ethylene copolymers, 446 Ethylene glycol (EG), 13, 64. See also EG polyester synthesis depolymerization with, 559 repolymerization of, 561-562 Ethylene oxide (EO) polyols, 211... 

We pass ethene and water (as a vapour) at high pressure over a suitable catalyst, causing water to add across the double bond of the ethene molecule. The industrial alcohol is somewhat impure because it contains trace quantities of ethylene glycol (1,2-dihydroxyethane, III), which is toxic to humans. It also contains unreacted water, and some dissolved ethene. 

Synonyms AI3-01656 1,2-Bichloroethane Borer sol BRN 605264 Brocide Caswell No. 440 CCRIS 225 1,2-DCA 1,2-DCE Destruxol borersol Dichloremulsion 1,2-Dichlorethane Dichlormulsion a,p-Dichloroethane sjm-Dichloroethane Dichloroethylene Dutch liquid Dutch oil EDC EINECS 203-458-1 ENT 1656 EPA pesticide chemical code 042003 Ethane dichloride Ethene dichloride Ethylene chloride Ethylene dichloride 1,2-Ethylene dichloride Freon 150 Glycol dichloride HCC 150 NC1-C00511 RCRA waste number U077 UN 1184. 

Note 4 Ethene and ethylene glycol are examples of difunctional monomers, glycerof is an example of a trifunctional monomer, and divinylbenzene and pentaerythritol are examples of tetrafunctional monomers. 

Propylene oxide is produced from the chlorohydrination of propene similar to the process used to make ethylene oxide (see Ethene). A major use of propylene oxide involves hydrating propylene oxide to produces propylene glycol, propylene polyglycols, and other polyether polyols. These products are used to produce both rigid and flexible polyurethane foams, but they are also used to produce polyurethane elastomers, sealants, and adhesives. 

Diols are prepared from alkenes by oxidation with reagents such as osmium tetroxide, potassium permanganate, or hydrogen peroxide (Section 11-7C). However, ethylene glycol is made on a commercial scale from oxacy-clopropane, which in turn is made by air oxidation of ethene at high temperatures over a silver oxide catalyst (Section 11-7D). 

Several addition reactions have been or are currently used on a large scale in industrial chemical plants. For example, an older method for the preparation of ethylene oxide employed the addition of chlorine to ethylene in water to form ethylene chlorohydrin or 2-chloroethanol. (In industry, ethene is almost always called ethylene.) Treatment of the chlorohydrin with calcium hydroxide results in the formation of ethylene oxide, which is an important intermediate in the manufacture of ethylene glycol and other products (see the Focus On box on page 375). However, this method is wasteful of... 

The main use of ethene oxide is as ethylene glycol, half of which is used in as anti-freeze and the other half is used in the production of polyesters. Other products are glycol ethers, polyurethanes and polyethylene glycols). We find these in many consumer products such as fibres, foils, bottles, solvents, plasticizers, adhesives, detergents, brake fluids, etc. 

---