Ethanol in motor gasoline

Oxygenates were recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch aqueous product, employing a separation strategy similar to that in the Sasol 1 refinery. The main difference was in volume, and this made further separation of the different alcohols and carbonyl compounds worthwhile. Some of the ethanol served as a blending component in motor gasoline, with the final blend containing around 10% ethanol.38 Most of the alcohols and carbonyl compounds were sold as chemicals. In addition to the oxygenates, the C2 hydrocarbons were also recovered and sold. 

The Law of Ukraine On Alternative Fuels [10] envisages that from 2013 it will be recommended to add at least (not less than) 5% of bio-ethanol into gasoline this rule will become mandatory in 2014-2015. From 2016 a required content of bioethanol in motor gasoline, which is produced and/or sold on the territory of Ukraine, will not be less than 7 percent. 

The volume fraction of ethanol in motor fuel is designated by a numerical value. ElO is a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline, E85 is 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, ElOO is pure ethanol. All on-road gasoline-powered vehicles can utilize ethanol blends... 

Although chemicals co-production would be possible, it is, at the time of writing, limited to alcohol recovery from the aqueous product (not shown in Figure 18.7). In the Mossgas context this may or may not be viewed as chemicals production, since the alcohols can be used in fuels. The ethanol can be employed as blending component for motor gasoline, and the beneficial use of the heavier alcohols for diesel fuel has been demonstrated.54... 

One possible solution is to increase the use of ethanol as an oxygen additive to gasoline. Some experts had long recommended a gasoline-alcohol mixture known as gasohol as an inexpensive, efficient fuel for use in motor vehicles that would reduce the emission of carbon... 

Like methanol, ethanol is a good motor fuel, with similar advantages and disadvantages. The race cars at the Indianapolis 500 have used ethanol as their primary fuel since 2006. A car s carburetor must be adjusted (for a richer mixture) and fitted with alcohol-resistant seals if it is to run on pure ethanol. Solutions of about 10% ethanol in gasoline ( gasohol ) work well without any adjustments, however. 

Car engines can burn pure alcohol or gasohol, an alcohol-gasoline mixture (10% ethanol in gasoline), with little modification. Gasohol is now widely available in the United States. The use of pure alcohol as a motor fuel is not feasible in most of the United States because it does not vaporize easily when temperatures are low. However, pure ethanol could be a very practical fuel in warm climates. For example, in Brazil large quantities of ethanol fuel are produced for cars. 

As mentioned earlier, a controversial issue that developed when fermentation ethanol was first marketed as a motor gasoline component in modern times concerned the amount of energy consumed in the fermentation process. The basic problem with conventional yeast fermentation of corn sugars and purification was that more energy can be consumed to manufacture a unit of ethanol than the energy contained in that unit. The problem was compounded in the... 

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