Ethanol hydrothermal method

Li, Y Su, X., Jian, J. and Wang, J. (2010) Ethanol sensing properties of tungsten oxide nanorods prepared by microwave hydrothermal method. Ceramics International, 36, 1917-1920. 

Nickel sulfide nanoparticles synthesized by Guo et al. also showed efficient photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Congo Red under visible-light irradiation. The NiS nanoparticles were by a hydrothermal method. A solution of nickel salt, sodium hydroxide and thioacetamide was sealed in a Teflon lined reactor and heated in an oven for 160 °C for 24 hr. After cooling the product was filtered and washed with water and ethanol. CdS nanowires have been used as ID nanoscale substrates for the growth of NiS nanoparticles by a solution phase method.The step involves the synthesis of the CdS nanowires by a solvothermal route. The as-prepared CdS nanowires and NiCla HaO were dissolved in ethanol and loaded into a Telfon autoclave. 

Kim et al. [32] used an ionic liquid to produce uniform spindle-like AI2O3 using the hydrothermal method. In the typical synthesis AICI3 and the ionic liquid (l-butyl-3-dimethylimidazolium bromide) were mixed with deionized water. Subsequently, NaOH was added into the solution and then transferred into a stainless-steel autoclave and heated at 150 °C for 12 h. The resultant product was collected and washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for several times until the solution was neutral. The final product was dried in a vacuum at 80 °C for 3 h. 

In contrast to water splitting, only one example has been reported for CO2 photoconversion. Although CO2 photoconversion has a similar mechanism, it requires two to eight electrous to reduce one CO2 molecule to the desired product. In other words, more free electrons are required in the photocatalyst, which is often accompanied by a dramatic increase in the recombination rate. Xia et al. studied the reduction of CO2 with H2O using M WCNTs-supported Ti02 that were prepared by both sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. In using the sol-gel method, the MWCNTs were coated with anatase nanoparticles, and by the hydrothermal method, rutile nauorods were uniformly deposited on the MWCNTs. The selectivity of the product depended on the method used in material preparation formic acid was obtained from hydrothermal synthesis and ethanol was produced from sol-gel synthesis. 

Many different methods have been reported for the production of metal oxide nanoparticles. The most common processes have been developed to synthesize oxide are chemical solution decomposition (CSD) [97], spray pyrolysis [98], CVD [99-101], two-step wet chemical method [102], sol-gel [103], ultrasonic irradiation [104,105], and ethanol thermal and hydrothermal method [106], Literature revealed that sol-gel is the most commonly used method for the preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles. It facilitates the synthesis of nanometer-sized crystallized metal oxide powder of high purity at a relatively low temperature [103]. 

The spherical fine nickel powders have been prepared fiom aqueous NiCU and hydrazine hydrate at various temperatures wife ethanol-water solvent by the conventional and ultrasonic hydrothermal reduction method. The induction time decreased wife inrareasing fee reaction temperature in both fee method, but was relatively shorter in fee ultrasonic mefeod. Compared to the conventional one, the surface morphology and particle size of fee sample obtained by the ultrasonic method was much smooth and regular in spherical shape and was much small, respectively. Therefore, the tap density of the sample obtained by fee ultrasonic mefeod was relatively higher than feat obtained by fee conventional one. 

Catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. Bio-ethanol containing 5 ppm sulfur was used as a... 

The supported Cu/Ce02 catalyst (denoted here as Cu/Ce-CTAB) was hydrother-mally prepared using Ce and Cu nitrates as precursors with a surfactant, CTAB [90], In a typical synthesis method, Ce(N03)3 6H20 was dissolved in hot distilled water, to which Cu(N03)2 3H20 in H20 was added dropwise. Then, CTAB was dissolved in a mixture of H20 and ethanol, and the obtained solution was added to the Cu + Ce solution. The typical molar composition is Cu/CTAB/H20 = 1.0 0.55 325. The homogeneous slurry mixture was hydrothermally treated at 175 °C for 24h in a Teflon-lined autoclave vessel under an autogeneous pressure. The resultant product was washed with distilled H20 and EtOH, and dried at ambient temperature for 10 h and then at 100 °C for 8h, followed by heating at 500°C for 6h under a He flow. The Cu contents of the obtained solid catalysts were determined by XRF. 

Yang et al obtained hollow ceria spheres assembled from octahe-dra. The formation mechanism was explained by Ostwald ripening during the hydrothermal treatment, which dissolved the inner cerium species and re-precipitated them outside the particle to form hollow structures. Sun and co-workers also described a recrystallization-based method to produce hollow spheres. They employed PVP as a capping ligand and a water-ethanol mixture as a solvent. After hydrothermal treatment, hollow spheres composed of ceria nanopolyhedra were obtained. 

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