Ethanol fermentation apparatus

A chemical reactor is an apparatus of any geometric configuration in which a chemical reaction takes place. Depending on the mode of operation, process conditions, and properties of the reaction mixture, reactors can differ from each other significantly. An apparatus for the continuous catalytic synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, operated at 720 K and 300 bar is completely different from a batch fermenter for the manufacture of ethanol from starch operated at 300 K and 1 bar. The mode of operation, process conditions, and physicochemical properties of the reaction mixture will be decisive in the selection of the shape and size of the reactor. 

FILTER HALF OF THE FERMENTED LIQUID INTO A 1-PINT SCREW-TOP CAN. SET UP APPARATUS FOR DISTILLATION AS DESCRIBED ON PAGE 61 WITH THE EXCEPTION THAT HEATING IS DONE ON A WATER BATH MADE FROM HALF A QUART CAN WITH WATER. DISTILL OFF A FEW ml ETHANOL AT LOWEST POSSIBLE HEAT. 

Most organic compounds when subjected to infra-red radiation present characteristic absorption bands. The spectral data are compared to those obtained for standard reference wines used to calibrate the instrument. The concentration of the analytes is calculated using multiple linear regression the apparatus is computerised and can be linked to an automatic sampler. The analyte should exhibit strong absorption bands for the method to be exploitable, and it is thus only suitable for major wine or must constituents, essentially ethanol and sugars. The major qualities of this technique are simplicity of operation, high sample throughput and the lack of necessity for sample preparation - the only required sample re-treatment is the removal of carbon dioxide from musts in fermentation. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Potential applications involve oxygen enrichment apphcable to combustion furnaces, car engines, and respiration-aiding apparatuses. Also in the transport of oxygen dissolved in water applied to contact lenses and artificial lungs. In liquid mixture separation associated with ethanol concentration of fermented biomass. Furthermore, in polymer degradation related to resist materials for microlithography. 

Before the demonstration, set up the apparatus using Figure 10.10 as a guide, leaving out the thermometer for the moment. Make the ethanol-water mixture or have ready a product from a fermentation reaction. Position the safety screen between the apparatus and audience. 

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