Ethane halogen substituted

Howard, C.J. and Evenson, K.M. Rate constants for the reaction of OH with ethane and some halogen substituted ethanes at 296 °K,/ Chem. Phys., 64(ll) 4303-4306, 1976. 

Hydroxyl Substitution Products.— All of the preceding facts lead to the conclusion that alcohol is a compound in which the ethyl radical is linked to the hydroxyl radicalj i.e, it is the hydroxyl substiltUion product of ethane or hydroxy ethane. Alcohols thus belong to the same general class of compounds as the halogen substitution products. The relationship between the hydrocarbons, the halogen substitution products, alkyl halides and the hydroxyl substitution products, alcohols, may be shown as follows ... 

This reaction is entirely different from that of phosphorus penta-chloride on alcohol, in which the hydroxyl of the alcohol is replaced by one chlorine, and the mono-halogen substitution product of the hydrocarbon results (p. 81). If our ideas in regard to the constitution of aldehyde are correct, this reaction must mean, that, in the di-chlor ethane formed in this way, the two chlorine atoms are linked to the same carbon atom. Such a structure represents a compound which is plainly unsymmetricaL... 

The ethylidene, or unsymmetrical di-halogen substitution products of ethane, are not of much importance, because they do not easily undergo reaction. They are prepared by the reactions just described, viz., from aldehyde by the action of phosphorus penta-chloride, -bromide, or -iodide. Also by the action of phosphorus chlor-bromide, PCl3Br2, or of carbonyl chloride (phosgene), COCI2. They may also be made by the further halogenation of the mono-halogen ethanes ... 

We thus obtain a tri-halogen substitution product of the saturated hydrocarbon. These reactions may be repeated, yielding, each time, a halogen product of the saturated hydrocarbon containing one more halogen atom. We may thus pass from di-halogen ethane to hexa-halogen ethane. The entire series of reactions is as follows ... 

PC is also a very useful solvent of LIBs because of its superior ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range. However, despite the close structural similarity between EC and PC, PC cannot form as effective SEI films as EC does, for LIBs that employ graphite as negative electrodes. " To enable to use PC in these batteries, there have been a lot of efforts focusing on the identification of proper additives and/or co-solvents for PC-based electrolytes, which would help to generate an efficient SEI layer. The typical liquid additives include chloroethylene carbonate (CEC), other halogen-substituted carbonates, a variety of unsaturated carbonates such as vinylpropylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, and ethylene/propylene sulfite (ES/PS). The most common co-solvents are DMC, DEC, EMC, y-butyrolactone (y-BL), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl amide (DMA), 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane (DME) and 1,2-dimethoxy-methane (DMM). To explore the role of these additives and co-solvents, it is necessary to understand their structures and some properties that may affect the SEI formation on graphite anodes. 

Laboratory preparations are normally carried out in the liquid phase, a typical route being the reaction of alcoholic potassium hydroxide with a halogen-substituted ethane. 

DDD Dichloro(chlorophenyl)-bis Ethane under Ring-Substituted Aromatics DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene under Ring-Substituted Aromatics DDT Trichloro(chlorophenyl-l,4- bis) Ethane under Aromatics with Halogenated Side Chain Decane, n under Alkanes and Cyclic Alkanes... 

Diatomic halogen molecules such as bromine are not the only chemicals that can add across double bonds. In fact, any protic acid, under the proper conditions, can undergo such reactions. Specifically, as shown in Scheme 7.5, reaction of ethylene with an acid, HX, where X is OH, CN, or any halide produces a substituted ethane. 

The second (and final) set of reactions which will concern us in this section are those in which acetonitrile solutions of the salts (Bui,N)2Re2X8 (X = Cl or Br) are converted to the centro-symmetric halogen-bridged dimers Re2Xe(LL)2(il) by l,2-bis(diphen-ylphosphino)ethane and l-diphenylphosphino-2-diphenylarsinoethane (33,3, 35). This behavior contrasts with the substitution using monodentate tertiary phosphines and arsines which gives rise to Re2X6(PR3)2 ... 

Isomerism of Di-chlor Ethanes.—When, however, we study the constitution of the poly-halogen ethanes we find that isomerism occurs just as in the case of the propyl iodides and of the hydrocarbons above propane. In the case of ethane it is a fact that only one mono-substitution product of any type is known, thereby proving the symmetry of the ethane molecule and the like character of all six of the hydrogen atoms. When two hydrogen atoms are substituted by two chlorine atoms two dif event compounds are produced both having the composition C2H4CI2. From the constitution of the ethane molecule, that has been established by its synthesis from methane (p. 16), we can readily see how this may be explained as we may have two hydrogen atoms replaced by two chlorine atoms in two different ways, as follows ... 

For the preparation of halogen acids in which the substitution is in the beta or gammapositiOYi the reaction of the unsaturated acids of the ethylene series is usually employed. As ethylene by the addition of hydro-bromic acid yields brom ethane, so in like manner, unsaturated acids of the ethylene series take up halogen acids and pass to the mono-halo-genated saturated acid,... 

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