Estrogen Receptor Target

Hall JM, McDonnell DP (2005) Coregulators in nuclear estrogen receptor action. From concept to therapeutic targeting. Mol Interv 5 343-57. 

As to the primary developmental actions of testosterone, growth and differentiation appear to be involved. Testosterone or estradiol stimulates outgrowth of neurites from developing hypothalamic neurons that contain estrogen receptors [14, 15]. This is believed to be one of the principal aspects of testosterone action that increases the number and the size of neurons within specific hypothalamic nuclei in males, compared to females [1, 14, 15]. 5a-DHT may have a similar effect on androgen-sensitive neurons. Differentiation of target neurons also occurs in adult brain tissue, hormones like estradiol can evoke responses that differ between adult male and female rats [1,14,15],... 

Fig. 4.1. Cellular model illustrating cell types in vascular wall involved in vasorelaxation induced by SERMs. Putative targets of SERMs are indicated within cyan tags. SERMs directly affect L-type VDCC, BK fil subunit in smooth muscle cells, and ER in endothelial cells. L-type VDCC L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel BK calcium-activated large conductance K+ channel PKG protein kinase G eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase GC soluble guanylate cyclase cGMP cyclic GM P V electrochemical membrane potential ER estrogen receptor. See text for further details...

Muchmore DB (2000) Raloxifene a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with multiple target system effects. Oncologist 5 388-392... 

R. Metivier, G. Penot, M. R. Hubner, G. Reid, H. Brand, M. Kos, and F. Gannon, Estrogen receptor-alpha directs ordered, cyclical, and combinatorial recruitment of cofactors on a natural target promoter. Cell 115, 751-763 (2003). 

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